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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Process Loss? Steiner's |
When Reduction in Performance is caused by Actions, Operations, or Dynamics
That Prevent the Group from forming full potential |
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What is Steiner's Law of Productivity |
AP=PP-PL
AP (actual productivity) PP (potential productivity) PL (factors that reduce productivity) |
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What is Social Facilitation? |
Simple Task performance increases when observed
Task requires dominant response
E.g. Zajonc's Cockroach Study |
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What is Social Interference? |
Complex task performance decreases when observed
Tasks requires non-dominant responses |
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What is Drive Theory? |
The mere presence of others Elevate Drive levels (arousal)
Easy tasks provoke challenge response
Difficult task provokes threat response |
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What is Evaluation Apprehension? |
Concern for how others are evaluating us |
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What is Self-presentation Theory? |
People try to make a good impression When they work in the presence of others |
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What is Direction Conflict Theory? |
When others are present Attentional conflict between focusing on tasks and distraction for others creates arousal
Simple tasks: increases motivation and performance
Difficult tasks: decreases performance |
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What is Social Orientation Theory? |
Suggest that social orientation (how people approach social situations)
Predicts when social facilitation occurs
Positive orientation more likely to display social facilitation effects
Negative orientation more likely to show social interference effects |
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What is Social Loafing? |
In a group setting
There is a diminishing feeling of responsibility
That decreases individual effort Ringelman effect |
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What is Coordination loss? |
People cannot combine their efforts with maximum efficiency |
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What is the Social Loafing process? |
Being Evaluated as a group
Relaxation
Subjective easy tasks cause worse individual performance
Subjective hard task cause better individual performance |
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What is the Collective Effort model? |
Group members motivation is determined by
Expectation about reaching a goal and
Value of that goal |
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What is McGrath's Task Circumplex Mode? |
Distinguishes between: Generating Choosing Negotiating Executing tasks
Task differ along 2 dimensions: Conceptual - Behavioural Cooperation - Conflict |
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What is a Collective Intelligence (C Factor)? |
The general ability of the group to perform a wide variety of tasks |
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When do groups perform better? |
Include more women
Members are higher in social sensitivity
Members contribute equal rates to the task |
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What is Steiner's Typology of Group Tasks? |
The type of task the group is attempting
Requires different Task Demands |
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What are Task Demands? |
Defined by
Divisibility
Type of output desire (quality or quantity)
How individual member input is combined |
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What are 5 different ways individual inputs combined to yield group product? |
Additive Compensatory Disjunctive Conjunctive Discretionary |
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What are Additives? |
Individual inputs are added together
Vulnerable to social loafing
E.g. pulling a rope |
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What is Compensatory? |
Decision is made by averaging together individual decisions Wiser in larger crowds and easier task E.g. estimating amount of jelly beans in a bowl |
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What is Disjunctive? |
Selecting one decision adopted by the group
Better with intellectual and judgmental task |
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What is Conjunctive? |
All members must contribute for the task to be completed
Performance depends on most inferior member
E.g. Climbing a mountain |
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What is Discretionary? |
The group decides how individual inputs relate to the group product
Best if someone is an expert
E.g. Choose to vote on the greatest answer to a problem |
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What is Synergy? (Process Gain) |
Achieving Collective results
That couldn't be achieved by any member working alone |
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What is Strong Synergy? |
The group outperforms its best member |
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What is weak synergy? |
The group's outperforms its typical member |
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