Group Dynamics: Chap 7: Influence

Front 1

What is a Major Influence?

Back 1

Social pressure of many against one

Maintain the status quo and resist change

Passive compliance, without much thought

Front 2

What is a minority influence?

Back 2

Social pressure of one against many

Generate social conflict and challenge norms

Gradual conversion and leads to original thinking

Front 3

What is Conformity?

Back 3

Change in opinion, judgment, or behavior

Due to the influence of other people

Front 4

What was the Asch Line Judgment Studies?

Back 4

An experiment on visual discrimination

That outlines average Conformity rates (about 1/3 of trails)

Front 5

What are 5 Forms of Social Responses to Conformity?

Back 5

Compliance

Independence

Conversion

Anticonformity

Congruence

Front 6

What is Compliance?

Back 6

Publicly agreeing with group

But privately disagreeing

Disagrees with group before discussion

Front 7

What is Independence?

Back 7

Disagree with group publicly and privately

Disagrees with group before discussion

Front 8

What is Conversion?

Back 8

Initially disagrees privately

But then agrees with group publicly and privately

Front 9

What is Anticonformity?

Back 9

Disagrees with group publicly

But agrees or is neutral privately

Front 10

What is Congruence?

Back 10

Agrees with group publicly and privately

Front 11

What is Unanimity?

Back 11

The tendancy to conform when the group is unanimous

Even having one ally will decrease our conformity

Front 12

What is Social Impact Theory?

Back 12

3 factors predict the likelihood of conforming to social influence

Strength: importance of the group

Immediacy: closeness of the group in space and time during the influence attempt

Number: number of members

Front 13

How does Group Size affect Conformity?

Back 13

Conformity peaks with 3-4 person majority

Front 14

What are 5 personality traits related to conformity?

Back 14

Authoritarian

High self monitors

Introverts

High agreeableness

Low self-confidence

Front 15

What are the gender differences in conformity?

Back 15

Women use conformity to increase Harmony (face-to-face groups)

Men use nonconformity to convey Independence

Front 16

What is the cultural difference in conformity?

Back 16

Conformity is higher in Collectivist Cultures

Than in individualistic cultures

Front 17

What is Conversion Theory?

Back 17

Group disagreement results in motivation to reduce conflict

By getting others to change (minority) or by changing own opinions (majority)

Front 18

What must a minority group do to influence a majority?

Back 18

Must present their views consistently

Front 19

What is idiosyncrasy credit?

Back 19

Credits a person earns overtime

By conforming to group norms, being competent, or being high status

Allows occasional deviation from group norms without retribution

Front 20

What are Unanimity-rules?

Back 20

Where everyone must agree

Benifits the minority

Front 21

What are majority-rules?

Back 21

Where more than half agrees

Benefits of majority

Front 22

What are four sources of influence?

Back 22

Implicit influence

Informational influence

Normative influence

Interpersonal influence

Front 23

What is the chameleon effect?

Back 23

Non-conscious mimicry

Of posture, mannerisms, and facial expressions of someone else

Front 24

What is mindlessness?

Back 24

State of reduce cognitive processing

Based on habits, routine, or previously form discriminations

Rather than conscious deliberation

Front 25

What is informational influence?

Back 25

Conforming in order to be right

Occurs in ambiguous or crisis situations

Related to descriptive norms

Front 26

What is the False Consensus Effect?

Back 26

Misjudging or overestimating

How much our beliefs are shared by others

Front 27

What are Normative Influences?

Back 27

Conforming to gain approval

Occurs when we want to be accepted

Related to a groups injunctive norms

Front 28

What is the Dual Process theories of influence?

Back 28

Suggest two routes to persuasion

Direct processes: when people focus on the strength of arguments

Indirect processes: when people focus on heuristics or external cues

Which route to persuasion depends on ability and motivation to focus

Front 29

What is Interpersonal Influence?

Back 29

Social responses that encourage or force members to conform

Includes verbal and nonverbal tactics designed to induce change

Front 30

What is the Johnny Rocco study?

Back 30

Study that shows people who consistently agree are more likeable

Front 31

What is Subjective Group Dynamic?

Back 31

Projection of deviance results in part from

Social categorization and social identity

Front 32

What is the black sheep effect?

Back 32

The tendency for people to dislike deviant ingroup members

Relative to outgroup members

Front 33

What is the bystander effect?

Back 33

The greater number of bystanders who witness an emergency

The less likely any one will help

E.g. the Kitty Genovese case

Front 34

What is the smoke-room study?

Back 34

Study that demonstrates the bystander effect

Front 35

Why are people less likely to help as group size increases? (Bystander effect)

Back 35

Informational social influence increases: assuming nothings wrong because no one else is concerned (pluralistic ignorance)

Diffusion of responsibility increases: assumes someone else will help

Normative social influence increases: people are afraid to stand out