Group Dynamics: Chap 6: Structure

Front 1

What are social norms?

Back 1

Implicit or explicit rules a group has

For acceptable behavior, values, and beliefs of its members

Front 2

What is the cultural experience of emotion?

Back 2

Whether an emotion is expressed as good or bad useful or destructive

Shaped by culture norms

Front 3

How did folkways define norms?

Back 3

Conventional Behavior within a culture

Front 4

What are group structures?

Back 4

The underlying patterns of roles, norms, and networks of relations

Among members that define and organize the group

Front 5

What are Mores?

Back 5

Morally sanction standards for proper action in a culture or Society

Likely to become laws

Front 6

What are descriptive norms?

Back 6

What most people usually do, feel, or think

In a particular situation

More influential than injunctive norms

Front 7

What are injunctive norms?

Back 7

What people are supposed to do, feel, or think

In a particular situation

Front 8

What are prescriptive norms?

Back 8

Define the socially appropriate way to respond in a social situation

What people should do

Front 9

What are proscriptive norms?

Back 9

Define actions that should be avoided

What people should not do

Front 10

What is the internalization of norms?

Back 10

People experience discomfort

When they realize they are acting contrary to a norm

Usually with injunctive norms

E.g milgram's Norm violation demonstration: Asking strangers to give up seat on bus

Front 11

Why do Norms remain?

Back 11

Pluralistic ignorance

Front 12

What is pluralistic ignorance?

Back 12

A type of norm misperception

When each person in a group privately rejects the norms

But believes that others accept them

Front 13

What is Role Differentiation?

Back 13

The emergence and patterning of role-related actions

Task roles and relationship roles

Front 14

What are the two basic demands that a group must meet to survive?

Back 14

Accomplishing tasks

Maintaining relationships

Front 15

What are Task Roles?

Back 15

Any position that promotes the completion of tasks

E.g. coordinator, expert, evaluator, secretary

Front 16

What are relationship roles?

Back 16

Any position that improves quality of interpersonal relations among members

Front 17

What was Moreland and Lewin's theory of group socialization?

Back 17

Group socialization is a reciprocal process of group members and the group

Trying to meet each others needs and accomplish goals

Front 18

What are the five Social Processes of group socialization?

Back 18

Investigation

Socialization

Maintenance

Resocialization

Rememberance

Front 19

What is stage 1 of group socialization? (Investigation)

Back 19

The Individual looks for groups to satisfy personal needs (Reconnaissance)

The Group looks for individuals to help achieve group goals (Recruitment)

If both meet their entrance criteria, entry from a prospective member to a new member occurs

Front 20

What is stage 2 of group socialization? (socialization)

Back 20

The individual looks to change the group to satisfy their personal needs (Accommodation)

The group looks to change the individual to contribute more to group goals (Assimilation)

If both meet their acceptance criteria, acceptance to full member occurs

Front 21

What is stage 3 of group socialization? (Maintenance)

Back 21

The individual tries to find a specialized role to satisfy their personal needs (role negotiation)

Group tries to find a specialized role for individual to max achieving group goals (role negotiation)

If both reach their divergence criteria, individual becomes a marginalized member

Front 22

What is stage 4 of group socialization? (Resocialization)

Back 22

Individual looks to change the group to satisfy their personal needs again (accommodation)

Group looks to change the individual to contribute more to group goals again (assimilation)

If both fall below their Divergent criteria, convergence occurs and individual is full member

If both reach exit criteria, individual becomes an ex-member

Front 23

What is a social network analysis?

Back 23

Analysis used to describe the structure of a group

Through graphic representation and mathematical procedures that quantify these structures

Front 24

Individuals in network (egocentric index)

Back 24

Nodes (circles): member

Ties (arrow): directional or reciprocal relationship

Degree centrality: the number of ties to a node. Outdegree(directed out) Indegree (directed in)

Betweenness: Bridges between groups of nodes

Closeness: distance to all other members

Front 25

Groups as Networks (sociocentric index)

Back 25

Group size: number of individuals (n) who are connected by some type of tie

Density: how many people are linked to one another out of the total possible number of links

Cliques: subgroups within the larger group

Holes: gaps within the network

Front 26

How do you calculate density of group?

Back 26

Density of group = ties / possible ties

Possible ties = n(n-1)

n = number of individuals

DoG = 29/156

13(13-1) = 156

Front 27

What is status differentiation?

Back 27

Some members rise to positions of Greater Authority

While others fall to positions of lesser Authority

Front 28

What is pecking order?

Back 28

Prestige, status, and Authority among group members

Front 29

What is Sociometric Differentiation?

Back 29

Development of stronger and more positive ties between some members of the group

That decreases the quality of relations between other members

Attraction tends to be reciprocal and exist in cliques

Front 30

What is Fritz's Balance Theory?

Back 30

Sociometric structure tends to reach a state of equilibrium

Were likes or dislikes are balanced within the group

Front 31

What are the 2 ways to relieve tension in an unbalanced relationship? (Balance Theory)

Back 31

Psychological changes in individual members

Interpersonal change in the group

Front 32

What is the Communication Network?

Back 32

Patterns of information transmission and exchange

That describes who communicates the most, to what extent, and with whom

Front 33

What is a Centralized Communication Network?

Back 33

A central member (Hub) collects information, synthesizes it, and sends it back to others

Efficient when tasks are simple

Front 34

What is a Non-centralized Communication Network?

Back 34

No Central member

Information is equally distributed to all members

Efficient when tasks are complex

Front 35

What is Social Tuning?

Back 35

The tendency for one's actions and evaluations

To become more similar to others

(Birth of a norm)