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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three processes involved in the formation of urine?
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Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption- over 99% of filtrate Secretion |
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What are the components of the filtration membrane?
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Capillary endothelial cells
Basement membrane Epithelial cell lining Bownan's capsule (podocytes) |
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What are the limiting factors for what can be filtered in the glomerulus?
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Solutes with molecular weight over 70,000.
Proteins, due to negative charge endothelial layer. |
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What are the 5 factors affecting GFR?
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Permeability
Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure Bowman's space hydrostatic pressure Capillary oncotic pressure Bowman's oncotic pressure (0) |
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How does net filtration pressure change over the course of the glomerulus?
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Filtration pressure slowly decreases due to the increasing hydrostatic pressure within Bowman's space, although it never reaches 0.
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How do changes in renal blood flow affect the GFR?
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Increasing renal blood flow increases GFR
Decreasing renal blood flow decreases GFR |
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How do changes in afferent or efferent arteriole resistance change the GFR?
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Increasing the efferent resistance or decreasing the afferent resistance will increase the GFR.
Decreasing the efferent resistance or increasing the afferent resistance will decrease the GFR. |
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How does Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure change GFR?
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Increased pressure leads to decreased GFR.
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How do changes in plasma oncotic pressure change GFR? When would they occur?
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Increased oncotic pressure leads to decreased GFR. Occurs in dehydration.
Decreased oncotic pressure leads to increased GFR. Occurs in malnutrition, cirrhosis. |
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How do changes in glomerular permeability change GFR?
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Increased pearmeability increases GFR. Occurs in renal diseases like nephrotic syndrome.
Decreased permeability decreases GFR. Occurs in glomerular inflammation. |
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How is renal blood flow distributed throughout the kidney?
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Blood flow is highest in the cortex, reducing throughout the medulla.
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In what range is GFR autoregulated? What are the two mechanisms to explain autoregulation?
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Maintained between 80 and 180 mmHg.
Myogenic theory- smooth muscle contracts or relaxes during changes in transmural pressure. Tubuloglomerular feedback- arterial pressure increases solute delivery to the macula densa, which causes a signal to result in afferent constriction. |
