Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1. What pathologies are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot? |
• Membranous VSD
• Large, overriding aorta
• Pulmonary stenosis
• RV hypertrophy |
|
|
2. Describe characteristics of Eisenmenger’s physiology. |
• Significant left-to-right shunting causes irreversible pulmonary HTN over time • Reversal of shunt flow when pulmonary pressure exceeds systemic pressure • Can occur when pulmonary-to-systemic shunt ratio chronically exceeds 2:1 |
|
|
• Dextroposition |
• rightward shift in cardiac position; normal anatomy |
|
|
Dextroversion- |
• apex of the heart is pointed to the right; normal anatomy |
|
|
Dextrocardia- |
anatomy is a mirror image of normal; heart located in the right hemithorax. Echo windows are on the right side of the chest |
|
|
4. What is the most common congenital heart disease? |
• Bicuspid AV |
|
|
5. Define aortic coarctation. |
• Narrowing of the aorta; located right above the ductus arteriosus |
|
|
6. Describe characteristics of Marfan syndrome; what is considered a high-risk aortic root diameter size? |
• > 4.5 cm high risk |
|
|
7. Define Ebstein anomaly; what syndrome is it associated with it? |
• Apical displacement of the TV. • Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome |
|
|
8. Identify and describe the various types of ASDs. |
• Primum • Secundum • Sinus venosus |
|
|
9. Which type of ASD is better visualized on a TEE? |
• Sinus venosus |
|
|
11. What kind of congenital anomaly is associated with diastolic ductal flow in the PA, typically seen along the lateral wall of the vessel? |
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus |
|
|
12. Describe the Fontan procedure. |
• SVC and IVC are connected directly to the pulmonary arteries. • Any connection that allows blood from body to get to lungs without passing through a ventricle • AKA, Cavopulmonary anastomosis |
|
|
14. Which ASD is the most common? What percentage of people have this type of ASD? |
• Ostium secundum
• 70% |
|
|
15. When there is a shunt in the heart, blood travels from _____ pressure to ______ pressure. |
• High to Low Pressure |
|
|
16. What anomaly is typically associated with a sinus venosus ASD? |
• Partial anomalous pulmonary venous |
|
|
17. Describe an endocardial cushion defect. |
• AKA atrioventricular canal defect, atrioventricular septal defect • Hole in the center of the heart • Contains 1 common valve instead of 2 atrioventricular valve • Associated with Down syndrome • Oxygenated blood & deoxygenated blood mixes |
|
|
18. Down syndrome is associated with which congenital anomaly? |
• Endocardial cushion defect |
|
|
13. What happens to the appearance of the interatrial septum when assessing in the apical 4 chamber view? |
• Should be avoided because the atrial septum is aligned parallel to the ultrasound beam. Thus, artifactual dropout is frequently seen in this view. |
|
|
19. Identify Qp/Qs ratios that would indicate a small shunt or a large shunt. |
• 𝑄𝑝/𝑄𝑠 1-1.5/1 small shunt • 𝑄𝑝/𝑄𝑠 1.5-2/1 moderate shunt • 𝑄𝑝/𝑄s > 2/1 large shunt |
