Criminal Justice Chapter 10 And 11

Front 1

A philosophy of imprisonment that promoted repentance through solitary confinement and prevented offenders from being corrupted by mixing with other offenders

Back 1

Pennsylvania system

Front 2

Philosophy of imprisonment that emphasized labor and meditation. Offenders work everyday, but they did so in complete silence.

Back 2

Auburn system

Front 3

The late 19th century Trend toward use of incarceration to reform through education

Back 3

Reformatory movement

Front 4

A prison management approach that maintains order by agreement between inmates and staff on the validity of rules

Back 4

Consensual model

Front 5

A prison drug treatment approach based on the notion that a person's attitudes, values, and self-esteem must change together with the targeted drug use behavior in order to create lasting change

Back 5

Therapeutic Community model

Front 6

Works for the courts of a particular county or city, conduct investigations to assist the judge and sentencing, and supervises and monitors Juvenile and adult offenders in the community.

Back 6

Probation officer

Front 7

A state employee, often with police Powers, responsible for supervising offenders after they are released from prison

Back 7

Parole officer

Front 8

A state employee, sometimes with police Powers; enforces laws in jails and prisons and transports prisoners

Back 8

Corrections officer

Front 9

Studies crime, criminals, and criminal Behavior; conducts , analyzes, reports, and applied research on crime and social policies relating to Crime, teaches courses in college, and provides investigative or forensic or prison Support Services

Back 9

Criminologist

Front 10

It is generally agreed that the purpose of imprisonment is to serve as ________ for a crime

Back 10

Punishment

Front 11

The average felony prison sentence

Back 11

5 years

Front 12

Before the invention of prison ____________ was the primary method of punishment of criminals

Back 12

Corporal punishment

Front 13

Although many people believe that prisons should not only punish offenders but also deter crime, the evidence shows that________ does not prevent offenders from committing further crimes upon release

Back 13

Imprisonment

Front 14

__________observers have viewed inmate work favorably, but business people and labor organizations fear competition from cheap prison labor

Back 14

Nearly all

Front 15

Are run by corporations, which are paid by States or the federal government to house offenders

Back 15

Private prisons

Front 16

Prisons that have some facilities outside the main enclosure and are surrounded by two rolls of chain-link fence, topped with barbed wire

Back 16

Medium security

Front 17

Prisons that house dangerous felons and that usually have a wall surrounding the entire facility

Back 17

Maximum security

Front 18

Prison facilities that usually have no fences but have locking outside doors and electronic surveillance devices around the perimeter of the institution

Back 18

Minimum security

Front 19

Medium Security Federal Correctional institutions

Back 19

Correctional institutions

Front 20

Facilities operated by counties and municipalities to hold two main categories of inmates; those awaiting trial and those serving sentences of one year or less

Back 20

Jails

Front 21

Maximum Security Federal Correctional institutions

Back 21

Penitentiaries

Front 22

Federal jail facilities for pretrial detention and for those serving short sentences

Back 22

Metropolitan correctional centers (detention centers)

Front 23

Prison management approach that gives inmates more autonomy; staff guides prisoners decision-making rather than making all decisions for them

Back 23

Responsibility model

Front 24

Prison management approach characterized by strict enforcement of prison rules and few privileges for prisoners

Back 24

Control model

Front 25

Ways to punish or place restrictions on offenders

Back 25

Sanctions

Front 26

Released from incarceration after the offender has served the entire sentence without ever being granted parole or accumulating enough good time credits to justify early release

Back 26

Maxing out

Front 27

A program similar to work release, in which an inmate attend school by day and returns to jail or prison at night

Back 27

Study release

Front 28

Refers to the prisoner release decided by a parole board consisting of Corrections officials and / or political appointees who evaluate the inmates record and his or her behavior in prison to determine whether the inmate will be released to serve the remainder of a sentence under Community Supervision

Back 28

Parole release

Front 29

Refers to the process by which more offenders end up being placed under supervision of the Criminal Justice System even though the intent of the program was to divert offenders out of the system

Back 29

Net widening

Front 30

Refers to a program that permits eligible inmates to work during the day at regular jobs in the outside world, returning to the jail or prison at night

Back 30

Work release

Front 31

Approach to criminal justice holding that sanctions should be more closely related to crime and that offenders should be punished in ways that neutralize their gain

Back 31

Authentic Justice

Front 32

The criminal justice process that focuses on sanctions directed primarily at repairing the injury to the victim rather than focusing on the adversarial relationship between the government and the offender

Back 32

Restorative justice

Front 33

Traditional approach to criminal justice that emphasizes the role of adversarial proceedings and the government and punishing the offenders for their past Acts as retribution and deterrence

Back 33

Retributive model of Justice

Front 34

Refers to sanctions that are alternatives to incarceration in jail or prison (such as monetary penalties, probation, intensive supervision, and home confinement with electronic monitoring) or Supervision in the community after a sentence of incarceration has been served (such as parole, work release, furloughs, and halfway houses)

Back 34

Community Corrections

Front 35

Sentences designed to provide more rigorous supervision than normal probation, yet something less expensive than incarceration

Back 35

Intermediate sanction

Front 36

Most widely used form of Correctional Supervision in the United States

Back 36

Probation

Front 37

Offenders who are sentenced to probation usually have conditions attached to their sentences. These conditions are designed to control the offender's present behavior and to change it in the future. If these conditions are not met, the offender's sentence of probation may be________

Back 37

Revoked

Front 38

Since 2000, the size of the parole population has _______ each year

Back 38

Increase

Front 39

The Supreme Court ruled in_______, however, that it is constitutional to notify a community when a former sex offender lives there or moves into the area

Back 39

1995

Front 40

Notification of the community regarding the release of ________ appears to produce Panic rather than providing useful information, it probably compounded by out-of-date address information in state databases

Back 40

Sex offender

Front 41

A form of restorative justice that usually takes the form of money, but it can also include returning property or performing services for the victim

Back 41

Restitution

Front 42

Short-term, military style boot camps designed primarily for non-violent young offenders and featuring a military atmosphere and strict discipline

Back 42

Shock incarceration

Front 43

A modification or reduction of a sentence imposed on an offender

Back 43

Commutation

Front 44

A process providing a forum in which the offender and the victim meet in a neutral setting where they can ask questions, communicate feelings of anger or remorse, and discuss ways in which the balance of Justice can be restored in a fair and Equitable manner

Back 44

Mediation

Front 45

A condition of probation or parole in which offenders are not permitted to leave their residences for purposes other than work, school, treatment, or other approved reasons

Back 45

House arrest

Front 46

Probation or parole for which jurisdictions maintain small case loads, make frequent contact with offenders under supervision, and require special conditions such as random drug test, restitution to victims, electronic monitoring, or house arrest

Back 46

Intensive supervision

Front 47

A prisoner's smooth transition from confinement to Freedom

Back 47

Prisoner reentry

Front 48

Surveillance of offenders in the community by means of electronic devices such as radio and telephone transmitters

Back 48

Electronic monitoring