Criminal Justice 10-14

Front 1

diversions

Back 1

programs designed to keep offenders from being processed further into the criminal justice system.

Front 2

net widening

Back 2

a potential, unanticipated consequence of diversion programs in which people who would otherwise have been released outright by the police, or not charged are involved in the justice system.

Front 3

intermediate sanctions or, alternative sanctions/community sanctions

Back 3

term used to describe a wide range of correctional programs that generally fall between probation and incarceration although specific initiatives may include either of these penalties as well. examples include fines, comm. service, etc.

Front 4

conditional sentence

Back 4

sentence for offenders receiving a sentence or sentences totalling less than two years whereby the time is served in the community generally under house arrest under the supervision of a probation offercer

Front 5

probation

Back 5

sentence imposed on an offender by a criminal court judge that provides for the supervision of the offender in the community by a probation officer either as an alternative to custody or a conjunction with a period of incarceration

Front 6

actives of probation officers

Back 6

investigation, assessment, service coordination, counselling and surveillance and enforcement

Front 7

risk, need, and responsivity principles

Back 7

risk principle - correctional interventions are most effective when matched with the offenders lvl of risk and higher risk offenders benefit from interventions more then medium/light risk offenders.

need principle - to be effective, correctional interventions must address criminogenic needs of offenders

responsivity principles - correctional interventions should be matched to the learning styles of individual offenders.

Front 8

intensiver supervision probation

Back 8

intermediate sanction between the minimal supervision of traditional probation and incarceration that generally includes reduced caseloads for probation officers increased surveillance treatment interventions and efforts to ensure that probationers are employed

Front 9

pains of probation

Back 9

the emotional and economic challenges that probationers may experience while under probation supervision in the community.

Front 10

pennsylvania model for prisons

Back 10

separate and silent system in which prisoners were completely isolated from one another, eating working and sleeping in separate cells

Front 11

auburn model for prisons

Back 11

system that allowed prisoners to work and eat together during the day and housed them in individual cells at night

Front 12

moral architecture

Back 12

term used to describe the design of the first penitentiary in canada, the intent of which was to reflect themes of order and morality.

Front 13

brown commission

Back 13

an investigation into the operation of the kingston penitarentiry that condemned the use of corporal punishment against inmates and emphasized the need for rehab.

Front 14

static /dynamic security

Back 14

fixed security apparatus in a correctional instution. / a variety of ongoing, meaningful interactions between staff and inmates

Front 15

continuum of correctional institutions

Back 15

differences in instituional enviroments among correctional institutions located at either end of the security spectrum max- to min.

Front 16

arbour report

Back 16

report of an inquiry into events at the kingston prison for women in april 1994, which documented violations of policy, the rule of law, and institutional regulations and had a siginficant impact on the development of women corrections

Front 17

status degradation ceremonies

Back 17

the processing of offenders into correctional institutions whereby the offender is psychologically and materially stripped of possessions that identify him or her as a

Front 18

inmate subculture

Back 18

patterns of interaction and the relationships that exist among inmates confined in correctional institutions

Front 19

prisonization

Back 19

process by which inmates become socialized into the norms values and cultures of the prison

Front 20

state-raised offenders

Back 20

inmates who spent majority of life confined in correctional place and may have neither the skills nor ability to function in the outside.

Front 21

inmate code

Back 21

set of behavioural rules that govern interactions among inmates and with institutional staff

Front 22

social (or argot) roles

Back 22

roles that inmates assume based on their friendship networks, sentence length, and other factors related to their criminal history and activities in the institution.

Front 23

case management

Back 23

the process by which the needs and abilities of offenders are matched with correctional programs and service

Front 24

correctional plan

Back 24

a key component of the case management process that determines the offenders initial institution placement, specific training, or work opportunities and prep for release.

Front 25

recidivism rates

Back 25

the number of offenders released from confinement who are returned to prison,

Front 26

throughcare

Back 26

the notion that there should be continuity between institutional treatment and programs and community based services for offenders

Front 27

conditional release

Back 27

generic term for various means of leaving a correctional insitution before warrant expiry whereby an offender is subject to conditions that if breached could trigger revocation of the release and return to prison, parole is one type of conditional release

Front 28

cold turkey release

Back 28

discharge of an offender at the end of the sentence when no conditional release or supervision is possible. such as when federal or provincial or territorial offenders serve their entire sentence in custody or provincial or territorial offenders are released at the two-thirds point of their sentence

Front 29

warrant expiry date

Back 29

the end of an offenders sentence

Front 30

one chance statutory release

Back 30

release option where offenders who violate the conditions of a statutory release are req to serve the remainder of their sentence in confinement

Front 31

release plan

Back 31

a plan setting out the residential educational, and treatment arrangements made for an inmate who is applying for conditional release

Front 32

reintegration

Back 32

process where an inmate is prepared for and released into the community after prison

Front 33

remission or discharge

Back 33

avail to provincial/terrirtorial inmates who have served 2/3s of their sentence referred to as cold turkey. no supervision.

Front 34

post incarceration syndrome PICS

Back 34

a condition of offenders in custody and in the community that is caused by prolonged exposure to the dynamics of life inside correctional institutionas

Front 35

reentry court

Back 35

prob solving court that assist offenders in managing the challenge of reentry

Front 36

community notification

Back 36

the practice, usually carried out by police agencies of making a public announcement that a high-risk offender has taken up residence in the area

Front 37

suspension of conditional release

Back 37

process initiated by the supervising parole officer in cases where the parolee has allegedly failed to abide by the conditions of the release

Front 38

revocation of conditional release

Back 38

a decision by a releasing authority such as a parole board made in connection with an offender whose release has been suspended

Front 39

victim-offender mediation

Back 39

resorative justice approach that provides an opportunity for a crime victim and the offender to communicate and address the impact of the offence, and for the offender to take responsibility for the offence and its consequences.

Front 40

smart on crime

Back 40

alt appraoch to criminal justice reform

Front 41

over criminilzation

Back 41

imposition of penalties often to address social problems "that have no relation to the gravity of the offence committed" and are therefore excessive and without justification