Chapter 7 Test

Front 1

What would occur to the plasma membrane if the cholesterol would be removed?

Back 1

Cholesterol keeps the fatty-acid tails of the phospholipids bilayer from sticking together, which contributes to the fluidity of the plasma membrane. The membrane would become rigid.

Front 2

Phospholipid function in the cell membrane

Back 2

a special lipid that is responsible for the structure of the cell membrane.

Front 3

Cholesterol function in the cell membrane

Back 3

keeps the fatty acid tails from sticking together

Front 4

Transport proteins function in the cell membrane

Back 4

move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrance

Front 5

charbohydrate function in the cell membrane

Back 5

defines the cell’s characteristics and help cells identify chemical signals

Front 6

Where would you most likely find water in the plasma membrane

Back 6

Near the polar heads

Front 7

Where would you least likely find water in the plasma membrane

Back 7

Near the non-polar tails

Front 8

What did scientists observe using the earliest microscopes?

Back 8

Scientist observed a piece of cork and living organisms

Front 9

Electron microscope

Back 9

Zooms in up to 500,000X without blurring and can only observe dead cells

Front 10

Compound light microscope

Back 10

Zoom in up to 1,000X without blurring and can observe living cells

Front 11

What is the fundamental principle of the cell theory?

Back 11

Cells are the most basic unit of living things.

Front 12

Prokaryotic cells are

Back 12

unicellular, they lack membrane bound organelles

Front 13

An example of a Prokaryotic cell is

Back 13

Bacteria

Front 14

Eukaryotic cells are

Back 14

unicellular or multicellular, and have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Front 15

An example of a Eukaryotic Cell is

Back 15

animal and plant cell

Front 16

What is present only in eukaryotic cells?

Back 16

Nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Front 17

What is present only in animal cells?

Back 17

Lysosomes

Front 18

What is the polar region of a phospholipid?

Back 18

Head

Front 19

What is the non-polar region of a phospholipid?

Back 19

Tail

Front 20

Is cholesterol polar or nonpolar?

Back 20

Cholesterol is nonpolar because it’s used to prevent the fatty acid tails from knotting up and preventing substances from passing.

Front 21

Which substance on the plasma membrane helps identify chemical signals from outside the cell?

Back 21

Carbohydrates

Front 22

Which substance on the plasma membrane helps transmit chemical signals into the cell?

Back 22

Proteins

Front 23

Cell membrane

Back 23

Maintaining balance in the cell’s internal environment

Front 24

Selective permeability

Back 24

Allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out

Front 25

Nucleus

Back 25

directs the cell process, manages the cell structure, and contains DNA

Front 26

Nuclear envelope

Back 26

A nuclear envelope is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Acts very similar to a plasma membrane in that it allows for substances to pass through

Front 27

Nuclear pore

Back 27

Allow larger sized substances to move in and out of the nucleus

Front 28

Nucleolus

Back 28

Site of ribosome production, center of the nucleus

Front 29

Cytoplasm

Back 29

The environment inside the plasma membrane that is a semifluid material

Front 30

Mitochondria

Back 30

Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into usable energy

Front 31

Golgi Apparatus

Back 31

Flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. They can then be distributed outside the cell.

Front 32

Centriole

Back 32

Organelles made of microtubules that occur in pairs and function during cell division

Front 33

Microtubule

Back 33

Microtubules are long hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within a cell.

Front 34

Vacuole

Back 34

Sac used to store food, enzyme, and other materials needed by the cell

Front 35

Lysosomes

Back 35

Digests excess organelles and food particles

Front 36

Microfilament

Back 36

Thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move: microtubes and microfilament rapidly assemble and disassemble and slide past one another which allows the cell to move.

Front 37

Ribosome

Back 37

An organelle that’s the site of protein synthesis. They can be found in all cells.

Front 38

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 38

endoplasmic reticulum with ribosome’s on it, the site of protein synthesis.

Front 39

Soft Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 39

packages protein after protein synthesis.

Front 40

Cilia

Back 40

short numerous “hairs” outside the plasma membrane

Front 41

Flagella

Back 41

Projections that aid in locomotion and feeding

Front 42

At what point of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached?

Back 42

The point when there is continuous movement of molecules, but no overall change.

Front 43

What is the difference b/w facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Back 43

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport which doesn’t require energy, whereas active transport does.

Front 44

Hypotonic solution

Back 44

the net movement is in the cell, making it expand

Front 45

Hypertonic solution

Back 45

the net movement is out of the cell, making it shrivel

Front 46

Isotonic solution

Back 46

Water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate

Front 47

Cell Theory

Back 47

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. Cells are basic unit of structure and organization.
3. Cells arise only from previously living cells with cells passing copies of genetic material on to their daughter cells

Front 48

What problems might a cell develop if its plasma membrane did not have selective permeability?

Back 48

Unwanted substances would enter and exit, so the cell would not function properly.

Front 49

Describe two functions performed by proteins in the plasma membrane?

Back 49

Proteins can transport signals through the cell and act as a support structure in the plasma membrane

Front 50

What is a Na/ K pump?

Back 50

It is an active transport pump found in the plasma membrane of animal cells. It can fit 3 Na+ and 2 K+ in the pump.

Front 51

Rough ER

Back 51

bumps are attached ribosome’s that will produce proteins for export to other cells

Front 52

Smooth ER

Back 52

provides a membrane surface where a variety of complex carbs. and lipids are synthesized

Front 53

• A scientist examined a cell with a high-powered microscope. The scientist concluded that the cell was an animal cell. How did the scientist know that the cell was from an animal?

Back 53

Only has a cell membrane, no cell wall, lysosomes could be present, no chloroplast

Front 54

Similarities between Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Back 54

Involve a plasma membrane

Front 55

Endocytosis

Back 55

the cell engulfs a large substance placing a membrane around it

Front 56

Exocytosis

Back 56

the cell expels out waste by putting membrane around the waste called a vesticle. The membrane opens and becomes part of the cell membrane.

Front 57

Osmosis

Back 57

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane-regulates the movement of water across the plasma membrane

Front 58

Diffusion

Back 58

net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles to an area where there are fewer particles