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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) |
Used to be thought of as junk DNA A small fraction of non-coding protein consists of rRNA and tRNA |
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MicroRNA |
Small, single-standard RNA molecules complementary to mRNA Can block translation of mRNA or degrade it |
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Biologist estimate that expression of at least one half of human genes may be regulated by |
miRNAs |
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Small interfering RNA |
Similar to miRNA in size and function Block gene expression (RNA interference) Used in lab to disable genes ie: Can be used to treat disease that is “too much” of something. Can stop production of that protein |
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Influencing the chromatin |
In yeast, can siRNA reform heterochromatin at centromere |
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Piwi interacting RNAs |
Induce formation of heterochromatin Block expression of parasitic DNA elements in the genome (transposons) Help reestablish appropriate methylation patterns during gamete formation |
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Long coding RNAs |
IncRNA range from 200 to hundreds of thousands of nucleotides One type is responsible for XIST (x chromosome inactivation) RNA-based regulation of chromatin structure plays an important role in gene regulation |
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Can regulate gene expression at multiple steps and in many ways |
Small ncRNAs |
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Sophisticated gene expression? |
An increase in number of miRNAs in a species have allowed morphological complexity to increase over time siRNAs have evolved first followed by miRNAs and piRNAs |
