Sociology Vocabulary Chapter 6

Front 1

Group

Back 1

At least two people who have one or more goals in common and share common ways of thinking and behaving.

Front 2

Social Category

Back 2

People who share a social characteristic.

Front 3

Social Aggregate

Back 3

People temporarily in the same place at the same time.

Front 4

Primary Group

Back 4

People who are emotionally close, know one another well, and seek one another's company.

Front 5

Primary Relationships

Back 5

Interactions that are intimate, personal, caring, and fulfilling.

Front 6

Secondary Group

Back 6

People who share only part of their lives while focusing on a goal or task.

Front 7

Secondary Relationships

Back 7

Impersonal interactions involving limited parts of personalities.

Front 8

Reference Group

Back 8

Group used for self-evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms.

Front 9

In-Group

Back 9

Exclusive group demanding intense loyalty.

Front 10

Out-Group

Back 10

Group targeted by an in-group for opposition, antagonism, or competition.

Front 11

Social Network

Back 11

A web of social relationships that join a person to other people and groups.

Front 12

Cooperation

Back 12

Interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal.

Front 13

Conflict

Back 13

Interaction aimed at defeating an opponent.

Front 14

Social Exchange

Back 14

A voluntary action performed in the expectation of getting a reward in return.

Front 15

Coercion

Back 15

Interaction in which individuals or groups are forced to behave in a particular way.

Front 16

Groupthink

Back 16

Self-deceptive thinking that is based on conformity to group beliefs, and created by group pressure to conform.

Front 17

Formal Organization

Back 17

A group deliberately created to achieve one or more long-term goals.

Front 18

Bureaucracy

Back 18

A formal organization based on rationality and efficiency.

Front 19

Power

Back 19

The ability to control the behavior of others.

Front 20

Authority

Back 20

The legitimate or socially approved use of power.

Front 21

Rationalization

Back 21

The mind-set emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning.

Front 22

Informal Organization

Back 22

Groups within a formal organization in which personal relationships are guided by norms, rituals, and sentiments that are not part of the formal organization.

Front 23

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Back 23

Theory that power increasingly becomes concentrated in the hands of a few members of any organization.