Sociology Vocabulary From Chapter 7

Front 1

Sociology
Chapter 7

Back 1

Sociology
Chapter 7

Front 2

Deviant

Back 2

A person who breaks significant societal or group norms.

Front 3

Negative Deviance

Back 3

Involves behavior that under-conforms to accepted norms.

Front 4

Positive Deviance

Back 4

Involves behavior that overconforms to social expectations.

Front 5

Deviance

Back 5

Behavior that departs from societal or group norms.

Front 6

Social Control

Back 6

Ways to encourage conformity to siciety's norms.

Front 7

Social Sanctions

Back 7

Rewards or punishments that encourage conformity to social norms.

Front 8

Anomie

Back 8

A social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent.

Front 9

Strain Theory

Back 9

Theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means.

Front 10

Control Theory

Back 10

Theory that compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society.

Front 11

Differential Association Theory

Back 11

Theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to the number of deviant acts they are exposed to.

Front 12

Labeling Theory

Back 12

Theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant.

Front 13

Primary Deviance

Back 13

Deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person's lifestyle or self-concept.

Front 14

Secondary Deviance

Back 14

Deviance in which an individual's life and identity are organized around breaking society's norms.

Front 15

Stigma

Back 15

An undesirable trait or label that is used to characterize and individual.

Front 16

Victim Discounting

Back 16

Process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status.

Front 17

White-Collar Crime

Back 17

Job-related crimes committed by high-status people.

Front 18

Crime

Back 18

Acts committed in violation of the law.

Front 19

Criminal Justice System

Back 19

System comprising institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes.

Front 20

Deterrence

Back 20

Discouraging criminal acts by threatening punishment.

Front 21

Retribution

Back 21

Punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts.

Front 22

Incarceration

Back 22

A method of protecting society from criminals by keeping them in prisons.

Front 23

Rehabilitation

Back 23

Process of changing or reforming a criminal through socialization.

Front 24

Recidivism

Back 24

A repetition of or return to criminal behavior.