Sociology Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Front 1

culture

Back 1

The shared products of human groups. These products include both physical objects and the beliefs, vaues and behaviors shared by the group.

Front 2

society

Back 2

group of mutually interdependent people who have organized in such a way to share a common culture and a feeling of unity

Front 3

values

Back 3

shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable

Front 4

mores

Back 4

norms that have great moral significance attached to them

Front 5

culture complexes

Back 5

clusters of interrelated culture traits

Front 6

cultural universals

Back 6

common features that are found in all human cultures

Front 7

cultural relativism

Back 7

belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards

Front 8

counterculture

Back 8

group that rejects the value, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns

Front 9

material culture

Back 9

physical objects created by human groups-- Sociologists and anthropologists use the term artifacts to refer to the physical object of material culture

Front 10

technology

Back 10

knowledge and tools people use for practical purposes

Front 11

norms

Back 11

shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations

Front 12

laws

Back 12

written rules of conduct that are enacted and enforced by the government -- By definition, the violation of these norms is considered a criminal act.

Front 13

nonmaterial culture

Back 13

abstract human creations, such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic system

Front 14

folkways

Back 14

norms that do not haave great moral significance attached to them- the common customs of every day life

Front 15

culture trait

Back 15

individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need

Front 16

cultural patterns

Back 16

combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole

Front 17

cultural patterns

Back 17

combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole

Front 18

Ethnocentrism

Back 18

tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups

Front 19

subculture

Back 19

group with its on unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger group

Front 20

Horace Miner

Back 20

(1950s) Anthropologist who examined some of the rituals of the Nocirema Culture which is known as the American Culture-- highly developed market economy which has evolved in a rich natural habitat.

Front 21

Margaret Mead

Back 21

(1930s) Anthropologist who conducted a now-classic study of cultural variation-- tried to determine whether differences in basic temperament result mainly from inherited characteristics or from cultural influences.

Front 22

Jane Addams

Back 22

(1860)Born in wealthy Quaker family in Cedarville, Illinois. This person set up the Hull House 1889 where welfare, educational, and recreational services were offered for poor residents in neighborhoods. This person wanted to know exact nature of poor people's problems.

Front 23

Linguist Benjamin Whorf

Back 23

Social scientist who believes language plays an important role in determining the content of culture. Created the linguistic-relativity hypothesis consists of 2 basic profile: 1) states that language shapes the way people think 2) people who speak different languages perceive the world in different ways