Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Hunting is often portrayed purely as a form of sport or the quest for a big trophy. But what most people do not acknowledge is that it does much more for the human population in general. Hunting provides us with the resources that allow us to live comfortably. Not only does it do this, but it provides health to our environment as well as our economy. Hunting large game plays a vital role in the protection of our people, our resources, and the animals themselves. To begin, the killing of large…

Bovine brucellosis, which is caused by Brucella abortus, is a global zoonotic disease that primarily affects livestock (Rhyan, et al. 2013). The highly contagious bacterial disease can be found in both humans and animals. In humans, brucellosis can cause night sweats, recurrent fever, back and joint pain, arthritis, and other influenza like symptoms (Rhyan, et al. 2013). In livestock, it is known to cause abortions, arthritis, male reproductive tract lesions, retained placentas, and bursitis…

precipitation of development of hepatic encephalopathy [1]. Hepatic encephalopathy, a neurological dysfunction disorder including a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms and signs with different grades ranging from minimal abnormalities in neuropsychological function to coma [2]. Hyper ammonemia causes neurotransmitter…

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), an unusual fatal disease, is classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (Williams and Young 1980). A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy is distinguishable by a cellular protein prion to a protease isoform, which is abnormal and insoluble (Mathiason et al 2006). The disease was first seen in Colorado captive deer in 1967 (Williams and Young 1980). It is exhibited in several ungulates specifically in family Cervidae such as deer, elk (Williams 2005)…

Chronic Wasting Disease: The Silent Assassin Chronic Wasting Disease, also known as (CWD) kills herds of deer by the hundreds. As of right now, it is a guaranteed death for any animal that contracts the disease. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) started monitoring the white tail deer population in the fall of 1999. They came across there first CWD positive deer in November 2001 when they were testing harvested deer. The location where the deer was shot is unknown. (DNR.wi.gov…

Creutzfeldt – Jakob disease known as (CJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that breaks down the brain only infecting about one million people worldwide. CJD belongs to a family of human animal diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Infected brains become filled with holes looking like sponges. There are also other TSEs Kuru, fatal familial, insomnia FFI, and Gerstmann-Staussler-Scheinker disease (GSS). CJD is caused by glycoprotein called a prion. Prion…

About 20% volume of the mammalian central nervous system comprises of an extracellular matrix that includes proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (Bignami A et.al 1993). Evolving evidence indicates that the organization and composition of this matrix change throughout the course of normal aging, during neurodegenerative diseases and following central nervous system injury and that these modifications influence a diverse range of cellular behaviors. The central nervous system…

no slow virus. A new theory began developing regarding it being caused by a protein structure, known as a Prion. The theory of Prions developed around the environment of the late 1980's "'mad cow' epidemic"(Anderson 200), a bovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, which helped scientists discover Prions. It became understood in time, that both the mad cow…

You’re holding a fat, juicy hamburger. Before you take a bite, think about the cow that was prematurely taken from life. The Bourbon-Lime Chicken you are about to devour; how exactly did she die? Those BBQ Baby-Backed Ribs, did you realize it actually came from a baby cow? We eat every day. It is so much a part of us we don’t think about where it comes from. We need food but is it ethically right to house animals in small quarters? Is it morally right to grow animals so fast that their joints…

Throughout the world, there are endless ritualistic practices that are celebrated each year. Social elements such as history, religions, culinary traditions and family life influence the development of modern practices. These form our cultural identity and will often establish customs that will transcend future generations. Religious rituals such as baptism may be performed similarly across the globe, but other practices such as endocannibalism are practiced by few. While the practice is no…