Prussia

The Holy Alliance and its purpose had been significantly undermined by the French Emperor. This alliance was designed by Nicholas I, the emperor of Russia, and included the other two autocratic powers, Austria and Prussia; all three powers who held a common belief in autocratic rule and opposed any revolutionary, and nationalistic movements on the continent. Napoleon wanted to defend his country from the threat of the Holy Alliance which paralysed France from her liberty…

The Enlightenment lacked spontaneity and it was rather a result of the few individuals who viewed society through a lens that was not exclusively related to Christian teachings and greatly contributed to the development of reason. There a wide variety of philosophes who contributed to the debates on liberty; however, the French philosopher, Voltaire (née François Marie Arouet, 1694-1778), is among the most influential of the philosophes. As a member of the Moderate Enlightenment, Voltaire…

Battle of Waterloo Introduction In the early 1800’s there were a number of wars against the French while under Napoleon Bonaparte I. Napoleon I was born in 1769 and grew up in French military schools. He soon grew to become quite the idol for the French, and eventually the Emperor of the French. Napoleon engaged in a number of wars against several territories in effort to grow the French empire. He did so both on land as well as with harsh treaties. With his successful defeats Napoleon was able…

Economic causes in the 1700, France faces financial ruin. Louis XIV, who died in 1715 had left enormous debt created by wars and luxurious living. France’s debt continues to grow. Further European wars as well as aid to colonists during the American Revolution emptied the royal treasury. Both Louis XV and Louis XVI borrowed heavily from bankers. They still spent lavishly on luxuries and on gifts for favourite nobles. France’s inefficient and unfair system of taxation made it impossible for the…

America is known by many names but one that stands out the most is ‘melting pot’. This name was given to the United States in 1908 after it was used as a metaphor describing the combination of nationalities, cultures, and ethnicities in a play know by the same name. All people come from somewhere and in the United States during the four waves of immigration this was the case along with many European immigrants. Looking at the history of German immigrants coming to the United States the sources…

fight for their country and wanted to represent it by winning. Britain had the strongest army on land and on water. Fighting under-equipped opponents in far-off places were usually brief and easy to win for Europe's Great Powers--Britain, Russia, or Prussia. When Germany was formed, nationalism was already backed by their militarism and they were already in competition with Britain. Kaiser Wilhelm II was the leader of this young nation and being a nationalist, he was obsessed with military power…

Spain was influential and powerful during the eighteenth century in Europe. Charles II ruled the Spanish throne from 1665 until his death in 1700—just five days shy of his 39th birthday. Although he took the throne young, Europe anxiously awaited his death because of his declining health. Not only was he ill, he was unable to produce an heir, despite the fact he was married twice. Thomas James Dandalet accentuates the detriment that King Charles II imposed on Spain in his book Spanish Rome:…

During the period between 1830 to 1848, in France there were a series of social and political discontent leading to revolution. This in turn stimulated revolutions in other parts of Europe with nations like Italy, Austria, Belgium, and Germany following the suit especially in 1948. In the essay, we will discuss the causes and consequences of these revolts and the reason for the failure of many of them. Between 1815 to 1848, the forces unleashed by the French Revolution clashed with…

World War 1 and our Multipolar World: Are we on track for another Great War? Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has been able to enjoy being the sole great power within the international community. In a world where multiple states are beginning to increase their power economically and militarily while the United States’ power is beginning to decrease, one could point to the onset of World War 1 to asses the likelihood of war occurring today. While there are slight differences…

Abstract In 1837, history was made as Massachusetts created the Board of Education and a man by the name of Horace Mann was elected as its secretary. This was the first position of such in the United States. Mann believed in the common school and that every child should have the opportunity for an education. Through his position as secretary, Mann created an abundant number of common schools. After beginning his new role, Mann created the Common School Journal. He used this journal to spread…