Neutron star

Hydrogen has an atomic mass of 1 and an atomic number of 1. Hydrogen has 1 VALENCE electron and 1 neutron. It has 1 ring, because it’s in period 1. Hydrogens state of matter is gas. Lithium is a Alkali Earth Metal on the Periodic Table. Lithium's state or matter is solid. Lithium has a atomic number of 3 and an atomic mass of 7 when rounded. It has 1 valence electron around its nucleus and 4 neutrons in the nucleus. Lithium has 2 rings because of its period. Beryllium is a Alkaline earth metal…

Atomic mass: the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units; approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes Molar mass: a physical property defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by the amount of substance Mole: the amount of a substance contained in 6.02 x 10²³ particles of that substance…

Argon- Potassium (Ar-K) SYSTEM K- 40 is a radioactive and decays to two different daughter products, calcium-40 and argon-40, by two different decay methods (Wiens, 2002). This is not a problem because the production ratio of these two daughter products is precisely known, and is always constant: 11.2% becomes argon-40 and 88.8% becomes calcium-40 (Wiens, 2002). It is possible to date some rocks by the potassium-calcium method, but this is not often done because it is hard to determine how much…

distance from the source and if thickness of the material effects how much radiation gets through. Introduction-One thing to know about this experiment is Isotopes.Isotopes of an element are different versions with same number of neutrons but different number of neutrons. Also these isotopes can be unstable which means they decay overtime releasing radiation. Radiation is the what we are going to look at while doing the experiment. List of materials/equipment and Safety Precautions -Geiger…

Beta particles are caused when a neutron in an unstable atom splits apart to form a proton/positron and an electron, the electron is referred to as a beta negative particle and the positron is refered to as a beta positive particle. The electron is shot from the nucleus and out of the atom…

uranium 235 or plutonium 239. When a neutron with energy hits uranium 235, it becomes unstable and splits into two smaller nuclei such as barium and krypton whilst also releasing kinetic energy in the form of heat and also two or three neutrons that collide again with other atoms causing a chain reaction. This can be seen by the nuclear fission equation of uranium 235 . This chain reaction is controlled by the ‘control rods’ in the reactor vessel that absorb the neutrons. Before uranium 235…

The Physics of PET Scans All elements are composed of atoms, which are composed of small particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. The nucleus of an atom is made of a tightly packed collection of protons and neutrons. You would think that with positively charged protons being packed so closely together the nucleus would fall apart, however this is not the case. There is an attractive force called the “nuclear force” which is able to overcome the repulsive force of the adjacent…

D1 X-ray spectrum: X-rays are created when a component is attacked with high energy electron. So when a high energy electron attacks the target electron in an atom it, this leads to the target electron being ejected from the inner shell of the atom. Whereas bremsstrahlung radiation is when radiation is given off by a particle that is charged, usually an electron, because of acceleration which is caused by another charged particle, usually an atomic nucleus. The x ray beam from an x ray is…

Beta-decay spectroscopy of the neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei Introduction Neutron-rich nuclei in rare-earth region are the most collective nuclei in nature since their protons and neutrons are lying far away from the shell closure limit, which proton shell closure are Z=50 and Z=82, and neutron shell closure are N=82 and N=126[1]. For example, the doubly mid-shell nucleus 170Dy[1] which has proton number Z=66 and neutron number N=104 is considered as the most collective in that region. Until…

I am researching the element, boron. The symbol of boron is a just a capital B. The atomic number of boron is 5. Boron’s mass is 10.811 grams. Boron has 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons. The Periodic Table lists elements in numerical order from the smallest atomic number to the largest atomic number. That is why boron is the 5th element on the Periodic Table. It comes after beryllium and before carbon. Boron was discovered on June 30th in 1808. It was discovered by French chemists,…