Italian unification

Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian nationalist, patriot, and revolutionary leader during the 19th century. Before Italian unification was achieved, Italy had been divided into several states, which were dominated by Austrian authority. Mazzini was quite radical for his time, as he believed that Italy should be unified as a democratic republic where there was universal suffrage, which enfranchised women. He also wanted to see an end to the temporal power of the pope and an end to Austrian dominance…

movement called German Nationalism that resisted his attempts to invade and conquer Germany. Germans wanted to be independent and thus keep invaders away. Nationalism provoked German under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck to establish the German Unification ideology that provoked the Austro-Prussian War that ensured a win against Austria in 1866 (Smith 59). In addition, the ideology strengthened Germans’ resolve that ignited the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and this contributed to the…

own nation. Although achievements of liberals and nationalists were not maintained for long period of time, they were successful since they gained vast support from the middle class, laid foundations of the February Revolution, and initiated the unification of Italy. Liberalism and nationalism won hearts of the middle class, since people yearned for a change from their miserable living conditions. Middle class Europeans were suffering from poverty, and they blamed it on the government for…

because Spain was not a unified nation until the late fifteenth-century. Historians attribute many factors to the unification of Spain including, “the conquest of Granada, the expulsion of the Jews, and the publication of the first grammar of the Castilian language [; which] all occurred in 1492.” Due to its late unification, Spain was not immediately influenced by ideas popular during the Italian Renaissance. Before the Renaissance arrived in Spain, buildings were constructed in the High…

people sought freedom from their repressive rulers. The Prussian king, Frederick William IV, was forced to agree to a democratic constitution and to support the unification of German states when the disturbance of the revolts became increasingly powerful. The Frankfurt Parliament was established to draw up a constitution for the unification. In May of 1848, members of the Frankfurt Parliament, or the National Assembly convened in Frankfurt to begin the writing of the new constitution. But the…

which was called Risorgimento. This process meant that the people wanted to renew what Italy was becoming. People were looking toward the future of what Italy could potently have like railroads, a new army and more. One man that made an impact on the Italian people was Camillo di Cavour. He wanted to help make a new Italy for everyone. He did everything in his power to make a unified Italy for the people (696). Unfortunately, through his work parts of Italy were attacked by Austrians, which…

happen in another country. Between the years of 1820 and 1860 there were quite a few revolutions in Europe, the busiest time being 1848. In 1848 there was a spike in revolutions all across Europe, but three stand out by far. The French, German, and Italian Revolutions were three of the biggest revolutions still being talked about to this day. Once you understand the background of these revolutions individually, the connections between them becomes more evident. The first and most noticeable…

After the unification, the middle class or “Borghesia”, takes over because they were the ones with the most money and they were the ones that were able to adapt to this change, which was the unification of the country. This class was also divided on the inside as there were different types of “Borghesia”, and these were the “Grande”, “Media” and “Piccola” (Labini, 105), these can basically be translated into high, middle and low. Each subdivision of the middle class had different types of…

Austria-Hungary was made up of people with many different nationalities. There were Slavs, Hungarians, Italians, Serbs and Croats. Each one of these people believed that they should rule themselves. Nationalism spurred revolts against the government in 1848. The emperor at this time, Francis Joseph, tried to satisfy these nationalists by allowing small reforms…

In the early 1800s, nationalism would start to spread across Europe along with industrialization. Nationalism is showing love and devotion for one’s country, specifically, in places like Prussia and Italy at the time. Unification was brought most in part by nationalism and industrialization. Language and religion kept people divided, but also could bring them together. Multinational empires were common in Europe, especially in Russia and Italy. Many different things would impact whether…