Italian unification

The Chamber further found that Bemba knew that MLC forces were committing these crimes. Although he was not physically at the location of the atrocities, he was the leader of his forces and had ultimate authority over all military operations. Bemba was constantly informed via military and civilian intelligence services with “information on the combat situation, troop positions, politics, and allegations of crimes.” Additionally, the Chamber found that Bemba failed to take necessary and…

the thoughts and ideals that were formed during the Enlightenment came to prominence. In David Kertzer’s book The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara, Kertzer argues that the Pope is losing the battle of public opinion due to his opposition to the Italian Unification, the push to modernize, and the push to secularize the governments of Europe. Kertzer argues that the Pope lost the…

In the nineteenth century, German and Italy both underwent radical unification movements to integrate the independent states. Each country’s unification efforts shared some similarities, in addition to some differences, due to the events occurring in Europe at the time, as a result of cultural diffusion. The consensus agreement of historians remains that the German and Italian movements drastically altered European society. Although the methods through which the newly formed nations contrast,…

genius and specific identity that manifested itself especially in a common language and history, and often led to the desire for an independent state” (McKay, 651). A country that exhibited this was Italy. From the 19th century to the 21st century, Italian nationalism was expressed through music and politics. The goal of nationalism was to unify a country by creating a sense of national pride and to hopefully create their own sovereign state, but moving into the 20th and 21st centuries, the goal…

This invasion began the fighting which lead to Italian unity and independence. The Red Shirts gained control of Sicily in 1860 and helped merge Southern Italy with the North. This victory over Austria helped promote feelings of nationalism in central and south Italy, eventually leading to the Italian independence. Over time, the nationalism agenda has evolved. Before 1848, nationalism appealed primarily to liberals in search…

Opera means work in Italian and is the name given to a dramatic play set to music where the performers sing their parts accompanied or unaccompanied by music in solos called arias and two or more singers called ensembles. The sixteenth century saw the beginning of operas which started as poems sung by musicians called Camerata (“society”). In 1607 Claudio Monteverdi first used an orchestra to accompany his opera, La favola d’Orfeo, creating the modern opera we know today. (London: Octopus…

enlightenment period leading to a new way of thinking, religious beliefs leading to war. For Italy, Germany and others it was nationalism which changed their history in the 19th century and led to wars for independence. Although nationalism helped Italian and German unification it also led to the breakup of empires such as the Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman. Nationalism is the idea that people of the same history, belief ,language and culture should unify and become independent of foreign rule.…

The Unifications of Germany and Italy are inherently linked together. Both of the unifications served to weaken the Habsburg Austrian Empire which operated as a buffer in both cases. While the Italian unification was initiated first it was the German unification and subsequent wars with France that helped finish the Italian unification. First by defeating Austria in the wars of German unification opening the door for the Italians to take control of Venetia in 1866…

unity in Italy and disunity in Austria, nationalism was a major catalyst for change in the 1800s. Nationalism played a big part in the struggle for Italian unification. By the 19th century, Italians had not been unified as one since the time of the Romans. Nationalists knew it was time for a change; it was time for Italy to become one again. Unification…

struck a secret alliance with France in order to fight off the Austrians. Cavour then used Garibaldi and his Red Shirts to fight in southern Italy to overthrow the Bourbons in control of Naples and Sicily. With the unification of Italy and the anointment of King Victor Emmanuel, the Italians were given a representative government was progress toward more civil rights. Russian nationalism was marked through the reign of Alexander II who pushed many reforms including his greatest being the…