Economic liberalism

Charles Hughs, a former Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, once commented that “We are under the constitution, but the constitution is what the judges say it is…” This comment depicts the importance of judicial interpretation of Constitutions not only in South Africa, but around the world. I argue that the South African Constitution allows for the constant evolution of itself, through changes in interpretations, to best fit the current social needs of the society and promote…

Progressive ideology, a shift away from the traditionally liberal conception of freedom of individuality to a more collectivist approach, where there is a necessity for people in society to work together. Ultimately giving way to a new definition of liberalism and ushering in the idea of a welfare state.…

separate identity from England during the American Revolution and the early years of the nationhood, they began to rely on a universally appealing ideology of liberty. This unified them ideologically but also highlighted the political, social, and economic divisions of the early republic. Geography underscored those tensions by creating literal and figurative divisions among the newly formed American people. The ideology of independence and the continental geography shaped the Early American…

The friend-enemy distinction is perhaps the most well-known contribution from Schmitt to political theory. To be specific, the distinction is Schmitt’s overarching understanding of the political realm. Despite potential economic trade or other everyday dealings with the "other" (The “other” being a rampant outsider, whose preparedness for bloodshed and violence threatens the idea of a sound state), Schmitt states that the due to the inherent differences of the "other," the possibility for a…

upper class. The general philosophies and beliefs of a populist fall somewhere in the center of the political spectrum, as opposed to left or right. populists will rarely have the same beliefs as another. basically a populist would be a liberal on economic and national security issues, but a conservative on social issues. I believe that I fall under this ideology for the reason that I believe that there is still discrimination against certain citizens of this country. I believe that everyone has…

revolution as a whole failed. It didn’t have enough support and opposing goals divided liberals who wanted moderate political reforms, and workers, who sought radical economic change. Strong rulers, however, stopped at nothing to crush the uprising. Metternich’s system remained even after he had died, but there was still hope that liberalism, nationalism and socialism would win successes not through revolution but through political activity in the near…

Right Wing vs. Left Wing Left wing and Right wing politics for many years served to classify the political stance and philosophies of the parties, with the left wing being progressive and the Right wing being traditional. The left and right wing ideologies were not fully developed until the 1960’s where two different documents for different groups were written. The two documents outlined the ideals of Left wing liberals and right wing conservatives, ideals that are still used today. The first…

During the period between 1830 to 1848, in France there were a series of social and political discontent leading to revolution. This in turn stimulated revolutions in other parts of Europe with nations like Italy, Austria, Belgium, and Germany following the suit especially in 1948. In the essay, we will discuss the causes and consequences of these revolts and the reason for the failure of many of them. Between 1815 to 1848, the forces unleashed by the French Revolution clashed with…

certain liberties conflict; indeed, he expects this to be the case, since it is entailed by the fact of reasonable pluralism of comprehensive doctrines that political liberalism assumes . However, Rawls is clear that infringements of basic liberties cannot be reasonably justified, or compensated for, by greater social and economic advantages . The basic liberties can only be compromised when they conflict with other basic liberties . That such a compromise may be permissible means that it is…

The Enlightenment, an age of extraordinary philosophical thought, hit Europe by storm in the 18th century after the death of King Louis XIV of France. The ideals stemming from the age ranged from classic liberalism to free market economics from an even wider range of others, a notorious few being Robespierre, John Locke, Adam Smith, etc. Enlightenment ideals lead to many key events such as the American and French Revolution. The American Revolution began as a struggle between British colonist in…