Cosmopolitan species

Human life is the best creation of evolution and it has two aspects: the biological and the socio-cultural. Biological aspect is found in plant and animal life. But the socio-cultural aspect is the rare division of human life alone. Our life in the complex world is governed not only by the biological process, but also by a social process. Though the performance of the organism is the biological heredity, education is our social heredity. With biological heredity alone, we would be nothing better…

The genetic differences or the changes on genes are modified through mechanisms such as mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. How variation or heredity effects in evolution by the process of natural selection or how different species can affect each other's evolution through coevolution can…

world. There are many consequences of biodiversity loss at many different levels. Starting with ecosystems and how they naturally function, there are three main aspects that account for the consequences of biodiversity loss. Species richness, species composition and species…

Zaglossus bruijni is the Latin name for the Western Long-beaked Echidna (IUCN, 2016). In 1982 the species became Vulnerable up until 1994 where it then increased to endangered, the most up to date assessment on the Western Long- Beaked Echidna in 2008 and classes it as Critically Endangered (IUCN,2016). This species is found in the Vogelkop Peninsula of Papua Province, Indonesia. It had been thought to have been Australia at one point due to the aboriginal artwork located on Arnhem Land as well…

microbe symbiosis and the environment can affect each other. Very few studies have targeted this factor in the past, and I believe it is important to identify with this factor of symbiosis in order to fully understand how the environment and the species within that habitat directly and indirectly affect one…

Over the past decade the accounts of various coral diseases have been on the rise which had lead to the decimation of keystone species of corals throughout mainly the world’s tropical oceans. Since the mid-1990s, 18 coral diseases affecting at least 150 scleractinian, gorgonian, and hydrozoan zooxanthellate species have been described in the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific (Sutherland et al. 2004). Most of these diseases have been caused by bacterial, fungal, and protist type pathogens as well the…

hundreds of species. Sample and Cheng, authors of Forest Conservation Policy: A Reference Handbook, emphasize that, “Plant and animal species, many of them dependent on forest ecosystems, are quietly going extinct—at a rate faster than at any time since a comet smashed into Earth 60 million years ago and wiped out the dinosaurs” (1). Deforestation is eliminating shelters, destroying hunting grounds for carnivores, taking away food sources of herbivores, and, essentially, killing off every…

maximize their fitness (Axelrod and Hamilton, 1981). Sea creatures use a variety of techniques to deceive both prey and predators, such as changing shape and color, (((and this animal)) can even add appendages to look like one of a variety of different species (Axelrod and Hamilton, 1981; Smith, 2004). Viruses deceive their host’s immune system in order to multiply (Smith, 2004). Humans use some of these same strategies to deceive, although we are often more advanced in our techniques. In this…

Laws are irrevocable rules that have been set to the maintenance of a civilization. In our current society laws are the negative answers that can’t be change, they denied humanity of certain desires. Humans’ mind naturally empowers the will to overcome any denial action or answer. Laws, orders, and rules are the irreversible “no” that a child must understand of which Roseau speaks “Let him know only that he is weak and you are strong … let all your refusals be irrevocable; let no importunity…

placed everything very straight forward and clear way about what humans do to other humans. I think the major idea in this piece was telling people how these so-called lower animals can leave together when they are totally different species, but humans being the same species can not leave together or to help each other out just for the sake of doing it. Mark Twain uses a lot of rhetorical situations to compare humans to lower animals. First Mark Twain uses the experiment of placing one…