Colorectal cancer

H. Fahal. Introduction: Dramatically, Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, and is ranked second only to lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer deaths (Jemal et al., 2009). Although, the incidence of breast cancer in Sub-Saharan African counties is low compared that in developed countries (Pakin et al., 1999), the cancer picture in Sub-Saharan Africa and especially in Sudan is changing. Lately, breast cancer incidence and mortality has been raised. Fine…

Socio-scientific issue - the use of IVF and Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis In today’s world, our technology is endlessly developing. We are constantly creating more ways to enhance our lives with concepts ranging from aeroplanes to touch screens to artificial insemination and testing. The question is, have we taken it too far? What is IVF (in-vitro fertilisaiton) and PGD (pre-implantation genetic diagnosis)? A major development in our modern technology is the use of IVF and…

and other forms of radiation have a variety of uses in therapy. They are often used to kill cancerous tissues, reduce the size of a tumor, or reduce pain. For example, “radioactive iodine (specifically iodine 131) is frequently used to treat thyroid cancer, a disease that strikes about 11,000 Americans every day.”("Uses of Radiation."). Radiation is also used for the sterilization of medical instruments. By subjecting them to beams of concentrated radiation, micrograms that cause contamination…

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common cancer for women worldwide in 2012(1). In Canada, 17,000 women are living with ovarian cancer, and it is ranked the fifth most common cancer for Canadian Canadian women in 2013(2). According to the recently released surveillance report, 2,700 new cases will be diagnosed in 2014 in Canada?(3). Moreover, it is the most fatal women’s cancer, with the average of 45% 5-year survival rate comparing to 89% of the survival rate for women with breast…

Importance of studying cancer Cancer is a vastly complex disease exhibiting a plethora of genomic alterations and resulting regulatory failures at the root of its progression. Following the milestone of the Human Genome Project (HGP) era, researchers are now focusing on integrating the rich genome-wide association studies (GWAS), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, and identified gene signatures within the in vitro, in vivo and clinical frameworks to further our understanding of the…

Cancer is a person’s worst nightmare because most people decide just to give up on life. Sometimes when people find out that they have cancer when it is in stage four, which is the final stage of all types of cancer. Most of the time, cancer patients want to take treatments, but some of them say that there is no reason to take treatments because they know that it will not help. Doctors try to get patients to take treatments in hopes of them living longer and possibly having more time to spend…

There are many unique bodies in the world. No one 's body are the same because we all have been through different experiences in our lifetime. Whether we have a different colored skin, looks, sizes, or where we got our scars. There is no such thing as a perfect body, but through social media, they portray on how men and women are suppose to look like. Supposedly by having a tone tanned body with a six pack is the "Perfect Body". Or by being this specific race is better than the other. In today…

Vinorelbine also known as Navelbine® is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. It belongs to a class of chemotherapy drugs called vinca-alkaloids; which can be categorised as spindle poisons1. Vinorelbine and Vindesine are semi-synthetic derivatives from the first generation of vinca-alkaloids; Vinblastine and Vincristine2. These original vinca-alkaloids were derived from dried leaves of the Madagascan periwinkle (vinca rosea) plant1. Madagascar periwinkle is also used in the treatment for diabetes,…

Detailed focus question: What is the process of self-renewal and duplication in breast cancer stem cells through E113, the Wnt-beta catenin signaling pathways and the tumor regulator p53? I. Introduction: To explain the cellular and molecular features of my focus question I will provide background on cancer stem cells, some of the various signaling pathways and breast cancer specifically. A. Cancer Stem Cells (Tumor-initiating cells) 1. Basic Features: Have the capacity to self renew and the…

It was recorded that 12 out of 35 patients, suffered from extrahepatic tumour. This was revealed by PET/CT combined and by CT scan single-handedly. The extrahepatic tumours in two of the patients were not detected by PET and PET/CT; those were recorded to have node of 2 –cm lymph in the hepatoduodenal ligament. It is furthermore, true that both forms of the scans (CT and PET/CT) reported extrahepatic tumour in patients that did not have it at all. The CT scan reported it in 3 out of 23 patients,…