Basilar artery

Pathophysiology of Hypertension- Blood pressure is controlled by a complex set of interrelated mechanisms that involve the control of vascular tone and sodium and water balance. The sympathetic nervous system and the renal renin-angiotensin system provide overall control, and cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance are the primary regulating factors. Baroreceptors within the carotid sinus an the aortic arch along with with chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata sense changes in…

1. The epidemiology and pathophysiology of coronary artery disease The term cardiovascular disease covers a heterogeneous group of clinical syndromes that affects the heart and the circulatory system. Coronary artery disease (or ischemic heart disease) accounts for the greatest portion of cardiovascular diseases, and alone caused 8.2 million deaths globally in 2013 [1, 2], therefore it is the major cause of death worldwide. It remains responsible for about 30-35% of all deaths in individuals…

this presentation, it is important for you to understand a few important terms. Plaque is a sticky material containing fat, cholesterol, and calcium An artery is a tube that carries blood from the heart to the entire body Atherosclerosis is a uncommon disease defined by a buildup of plaque within arteries that can eventually completely block an artery. The disease can become very serious. Atherosclerosis can lead to many…

Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world with almost 25% of the deaths resulting from cardiovascular events or strokes. A particularly dangerous form of heart disease is mitral regurgitation (MR) which affects 200,000 people every year in the US alone. The Mitral valve is a key site of failure due to its location between the left atrium and left ventricle, it prevents the backflow of oxygenated blood into the atrium during ventricular systole and constantly experiences high…

Cardiovascular disease or CVD is a condition in which the blood vessels become blocked. In the United States, about 610,000 people die of heart disease every year from cardiovascular disease. It is the leading cause of death in both men and women. It is thought of as a “man’s disease” which it is not. The same amount of both men and women die from heart disease a year. There are four risk factors are the strongest predictors of heart failure: hypertension, chronic kidney disease, being…

Another primary nursing problem related to his hypervolemia is impaired oxygenation. This problem is exacerbated by Giovanni’s increasing cardiac demand, which resulted in a decrease in his cardiac output. His chest x-ray validated his condition, revealing an enlarged cardiothoracic ratio. According to Mensah et al. (2015 p.159), cardiothoracic ratio is the marker for confirming changes in an individual’s cardiac size. The pathophysiology of Giovanni’s impaired oxygenation is interlaced with…

Posterior vena cava: The Posterior vena cava is found in the lower body below the heart and extending to the heart. It is much smaller than the anterior vena cava. This vein brings nonoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium. The posterior vena cava is part of the circulatory system. Heart: The heart is a thick muscle located near the center of the chest between the lungs. It looks like a quenched fist, pinkish in color and is surrounded by the pericardium. Its…

Explain the significance of the thickness of the left ventricular wall. The right ventricle wall is small and thin containing deoxygenated blood. The left is just the opposite. The left ventricle is larger and thicker making it stronger than the right, but containing oxygenated blood. However, since it is pumping blood all around the body, it is at a more forceful rate (Oxford Journals, 2016). The major coronary vessels are on the surface of the heart. What is the advantage of that location?…

Introduction The purpose of this lab was so asses our subject’s cardiorespiratory fitness and evaluate their aerobic capacity and also put them into a classification. Methods Take the subject’s the height, weight, body composition and resting heart rate and blood pressure. Then place the HR Monitor on the subject. Explain to the subject the rest and explain the RPE chart and communication methods. Allow the subject to warm up on the treadmill at a low intensity and stretch if they need to.…

of 115 beats/min, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, blood pressure of 82/40 mmHg, and oxygen saturation of 88% on 2L nasal cannula. A vasopressor is needed to address this patient’s hypotension. Prior to placement of an arterial line at the radial artery, which of the following describes the most appropriate diagnostic test? A. Instruct the patient to flex the elbow to 90 degrees while the physician shakes hands with the patient. The patient is then asked to supinate and the physician provides…