Avian incubation

Over 80 years after the1918 flu virus disappeared, epidemiologists still did not understand exactly why it was so devastating. After working with tissue samples from the autopsies of flu victims and the infected lung tissue of an Alaskan woman whose body had been preserved in Arctic permafrost, researchers at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were able to recreate an extinct virus. Then, in October of 2005, they announced that they had…

‘Join the Flu Fighters’ is an informative and persuasive leaflet given out to adults across the UK, whose employers have decided to use this service. This means that there is a specific audience to relate to – working adults – so healthy males and females aged 18-60 generally. The background context is relevant for this leaflet as working adults have similar basic desires – to save money and have an easy kind of life. The author of this leaflet seemingly plays on these desires, examples include…

Epidemic of 1918 The flu epidemic of 1918 came as a result of hemagglutinin 1 neuraminidase 1 (H1N1) virus strain . The reason Spanish flu was so devastating when compared to other flu strains, was due to this strain being new to humans and thus population have not developed natural resistance to it. It is hypothesized that the reason this strain was new to humans is because it has crossed from birds to swine to humans . Conservative estimates from United States Department of Health and Human…

capable of causing significant pandemics (Webster, 2014). The influenza A virus is the envelope virus responsible for infecting hundreds of thousands of humans each year, however strains of influenza A virus have avian lineage. An intermediate host, such as swine, is usually used by the avian virus to evolve with a mammalian virus through genetic reassortment…

The first case of avian influenza since last spring was detected in Dane County yesterday according to the assistant Wisconsin State Veterinarian, which could effect the US economy. Darlene Konkle, the assistant Wisconsin State Veterinarian confirmed that highly contagious avian influenza, otherwise known as bird flu, was found in a 20,000-bird flock. Bird flu primarily affects chickens and turkeys. Bird flu is a respiratory illness that can be identified by discharge from the nasal or eyes,…

Ahh, fall, the best time of the year; falling leaves, bonfires, crisp air… and the always dreaded flu season. Every year, over 41% of Americans take preventative measures against the widespread virus most commonly known as, “influenza” or the “flu.” But the statistics are even higher when it comes to the number of parents who don’t protect their children against this potentially deadly virus. Due to the high susceptibility children have to sickness, all children under the age of eighteen should…

Chloe Duke 10/10/15 Ak Studies My memory of the Spanish Influenza Epidemic in Alaska is very vivid in my mind. I remember hearing about it first happening in the lower 48. To be more specific in Boston and then how it spread the flu to Philadelphia all spreading from shipyard to shipyard, boat to boat, person to person. On September 17, a ship docked at the Puget Sound Naval Station, which is near Seattle, Washington, where longshoremen loaded steamships that happened to be bound for…

dropped down to 19 known cases in the United States since 2005. As seen in the table above, Swine Flu killed more than 284,500 as of 2014. H5N1, also known to many as the Avian Flu, also wreaked havoc upon the worldwide population “Since 1997, based on the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) reporting criteria for avian influenza in commercial poultry, the United States has experienced…

Influenza Influenza is a respiratory sickness that is caused by a virus that can lead a variety of illnesses. Countless solutions are available, but not all of them work. According to Newsela, although people receive flu shots and antiviral drugs, and avoided people with Influenza, the virus always beat their defences. Constantly mutating making a new vaccine every year, scientists are trying to determine what remains the same in flu strains every year. The first and most effective way to avoid…

The study of influenza virus evolution is not new. In fact, humans have been studying influenza viruses since the beginning of the 18th century. Three types of influenza viruses exist: A, B and C. Influenza B is a strain of influenza virus with the ability to cause severe epidemics. Although influenza A and B have similar structure, genome organization, and epidemiology, they have several important differences which imply that their evolutionary dynamics differ. Unlike influenza A viruses,…