Antarctic Treaty System

Living System (Antarctica as a Living System). Each one requires the student to participate in class prior to departing to Antarctica. Furthermore, many students must consider the cost as most of the programs do include airfare, personal expenses, or equipment needed. Other things to consider is the experience is a class and therefore a significant amount of time will need to be dedicated to learning the material as well as to adjusting to another culture (AUIP). Many hours will be spent with as a class and the student is encouraged to participate in the daily activities (AUIP). This includes being flexible with possibly substandard conditions as well as adjusting to the time change (AUIP). It is advised to pack clothing made of wool, silk, and cotton. Another recommendation is to combine these as layers as air can be trapped with the layers and keep a person warmer. Furthermore, if the layers become wet placing the cotton layers on top will help to keep a person warmer. Polypropylene and polar fleece are also recommended all of these fabrics one can purchase as turtlenecks, pants, and glove liners should be packed as well (AUIP). Response 3 Some of the rules in relation to the UN Antarctic Treaty are the area is to be used peacefully without international conflict (Antarctica Treaty System). In addition, the treaty forbids any nuclear explosions or waste as it is designed for scientific discovery and collaboration between each countries research (Antarctica Treaty…

Hydrurga leptonyx, also known as leopard seals, are incredible creatures that possess traits of survival and adaptability. Their widespread residency throughout the Antarctic and some parts north of that combined with their diversified eating habits places them highly in marine mammals as a potential species to survive environmental changes. This essay connects an understanding of the population and foraging ecology of Hydrurga leptonyx with their future existence in relation to climate change.…

Nordenskjoeldi's giant penguin (Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi) is a species of megafauna, with evidence suggesting it lived 37-45 million years ago. It's diet mainly consisted of fish and other seafood and it was an aquatic creature, spending the majority of its life in the water. These giant penguins grew up to 1.7 metres in height and 90kg in weight (Abyssal, 2015). It had a bent wing joint, beneficial for flight and powerful propulsion under water when diving for fish. Gilbert Price,…

Ocean or ice-free polynyas and tidal cracks in pack ice. Emperor Penguins also eat squids. The Emperor Penguin can grow to be 44 inches tall and 60-90 pounds. Emperor Penguins have deep black feathers dorsally, containing the head, chin, throat, back, dorsal part of wings, and tail. The dark color fades to a brown color as it becomes worn, between the months of December and February. Auricular Patches on the head are bright yellow fading to a lesser bright yellow as the patch meets the feather…

Today I would like to tell you all about King penguins. They live on many islands like the Crozet Islands, Kerguelen, Falkland, Macquarie, Prince Edward, and many more islands. King penguins eat small to medium sized fish, like flashlight fish. They have also been known to eat little squid. Penguins reach reproducing age from 3 to 5 years. The incubation time is 55 days and they have a normal clutch of one egg. The male penguins use their best skills to attract the female penguins. This process…

Introduction Emperor penguins huddle together to survive in the freezing Antarctic with mild temperatures under -70oC. (figure 1). When the huddling procedure is used, the heat is transferred between penguins and half the amount of energy is required survive. • The huddling process of penguins are classified as a population as they are one type of species working together in the same area. (Gordon,2013). These huddling processes are affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Abiotic factors…

The Emperor Penguin also has a relatively complex and advantageous respiratory and circulatory heat exchange system. This heat exchange system allows up to 80% of lost heat in the penguin’s exhale to be reclaimed within the nasal passages, allowing the penguin to regulate it’s internal temperature without losing an excessive amount of heat. Allowing the penguin to maintain and preserve heat. Blood circulating throughout the flippers and legs of the penguin, transfers the heat to blood returning…

but the longest record was 17,000 km. Their main predators are leopard seal, skua and killer whale but mostly preyed by leopard and skua. Adelie penguin has a lifespan of 15-20 years. The tallest and heaviest of all penguin also lives in Antarctica the Emperor penguin. Adult emperor penguins are 110-130 cm tall and weigh about 83-88 lbs. Their dorsal side and head are black and they have pale yellow-breast and bright-yellow ear patches. Their feathers are 80-90% of their insulation to withstand…

Hydrurga leptonyx, also known as leopard seal, are incredible creatures that possess traits of survival and adaptability. Their widespread residency throughout the Antarctic and some parts north of that area combined with their diversified eating habits, places them as a marine mammal with high potential to survive environmental changes. This essay connects an understanding of the population and foraging ecology of Hydrurga leptonyx with their future existence in relation to the threat of…

28-29). Newman reports that John Holdren, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, predicted in 1987 that one billion-some-odd people would perish in “carbon-dioxide induced famines,” at the beginning of a new ice age, no less, by 2020 (Newman 28). Thankfully, Holden’s prediction has proven incorrect, and by an enormous margin. Carter adds that carbon dioxide accounts for less than 4 percent of atmospheric greenhouse warming; furthermore, human-induced emissions are…