Us History Unit 5

Front 1

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution?

Back 1

Women were payed better and they broke into the work field. Women began to fight for their rights as well and more people got jobs in general.

Front 2

What was the impact/effect of the Cotton Gin? Who invented it? Effects on slavery?

Back 2

The effect of the cotton gin was the price for cotton was lowered since more was made easier and in a faster time. Also, this shedded down the number of slaves that were needed because all that needed to be done was machinery to be watched over. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and this had an effect on slavery because this was showing how the South was making advancements, and they weren't as dependent on the slaves as they once were.

Front 3

Explain the Temperance Movement

Back 3

an effort that was formed to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. Many Americans agreed that the amount of alcohol being consumed was too much and Lyman Beecher, a Connecticut minister, had begun lecturing against the use of liquor in 1825. In 1826, the American Temperance Society was founded. This caused a decrease of alcohol consumption well into the 1860’s.

Front 4

Explain Abolition.

Back 4

Abolition is the movement to change something by stopping. Many people fought for the abolition of slavery and women's suffrage. Abolition in the end led to the abolition of slavery and women gained many rights.

Front 5

What is suffrage? How did women try to promote the idea of suffrage? How is Elizabeth Cady Stanton important? What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

Back 5

Suffrage can be defined as the mistreatment of women. Women were held at lower standards and people didnt view them as being important people; therefore, they didnt have as many rights and they didnt have the opportunities women had. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an American social activist, abolitionist, and a well known leader of the early women’s rights movement. She came up with the Declaration of Sentiments and was the first to initiate the first women’s rights and suffrage movements in the United States. The Seneca Falls Convention was in 1848 when Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott held a women’s rights convention known as the Seneca Falls Convention. Nearly 300 men and women gathered at the Wesleyan Methodist Church for this convention and there was a unanimous approval of the declaration that Stanton and Mott had come up with, known as the Declaration of Sentiments, except for one person. This small majority wanted women to have the choice of voting or not.

Front 6

What is the importance of the public school movement?

Back 6

This pushed for more people to become more educated. It also helped the African Americans when it came to being racially equal.

Front 7

What is the idea behind Jacksonian Democracy?

Back 7

Jacksonian democracy is the political movement toward greater democracy for the common man typified by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters. Jackson's policies followed the era of Jeffersonian democracy which dominated the previous political era. The Democratic-Republican Party of the Jeffersonians became factionalized in the 1820s. Jackson's supporters began to form the modern Democratic Party; they fought the rival Adams and Anti-Jacksonian factions, which soon emerged as the Whigs.

Front 8

Explain the Trail of Tears.

Back 8

The Trail of Tears was part of the indian removal act that was put in place. The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included many members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, among others in the United States, from their homelands to Indian Territory (eastern sections of the present-day state of Oklahoma). The phrase originated from a description of the removal of the Choctaw Nation in 1831. Many Native Americans suffered from exposure, disease and starvation en route to their destinations. Many died, including 4,000 of the 15,000 relocated Cherokee.

Front 9

What was the Nat Turner Rebellion?

Back 9

a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia during August 1831. Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed anywhere from 55–65 white people, the highest number of fatalities caused by slave uprisings in the South. The rebellion was put down within a few days, but Turner survived in hiding for over two months afterward.
In the aftermath, there was widespread fear, and white militias organized in retaliation against slaves. The state executed 56 slaves accused of being part of the rebellion. In the frenzy, many innocent enslaved people were punished. At least 100 blacks, and possibly up to 200, were killed by militias and mobs.

Front 10

Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

Back 10

He was the most radical white abolitionist who was active in religious reform movements in Massachusetts. He started his own paper, The Liberator, to deliver the uncompromising message of immediate emancipation (freeing of slaves with no payment to slave holders)

Front 11

Who was Fredrick Douglass?

Back 11

He was a man born into slavery. He had been taught to read and write by his master's wife. Although she had to stop teaching him because her husband ordered her to, Douglass studied more and learned he could make a case. He moved to Baltimore and had a family and a life. He then formed his own anti-slavery paper called, The North Star after the star that leads runaway slaves to freedom.

Front 12

Who were the Grimke Sisters?

Back 12

Two women who were sisters and were against slavery and fought for women’s rights. The two wrote Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of a Women in 1883.

Front 13

What was the Missouri Compromise? Why was it so important in the political realm of slavery?

Back 13

An agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. It was so important in the political realm of slavery because this was the division line of pro-slavery and anti-slavery.

Front 14

What was the Nullification Crisis? How did Calhoun promote the idea of nullification?

Back 14

A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared by the power of the State that the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina. The controversial and highly protective Tariff of 1828 (known to its detractors as the "Tariff of Abominations") was enacted into law during the presidency of John Quincy Adams. The tariff was opposed in the South and parts of New England. Its opponents expected that the election of Jackson as President would result in the tariff being significantly reduced. The nation had suffered an economic downturn throughout the 1820s, and South Carolina was particularly affected. Many South Carolina politicians blamed the change in fortunes on the national tariff policy that developed after the War of 1812 to promote American manufacturing over its British competition. In Washington, an open split on the issue occurred between Jackson and his vice-president John C. Calhoun, the most effective proponent of the constitutional theory of state nullification. On July 14, 1832, after Calhoun had resigned his office in order to run for the Senate where he could more effectively defend nullification, Jackson signed into law the Tariff of 1832. This compromise tariff received the support of most northerners and half of the southerners in Congress. The reductions were too little for South Carolina, and in November 1832 a state convention declared that the tariffs of both 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and unenforceable in South Carolina after February 1, 1833.

Front 15

How was the country divided along the ideas of sectionalism at this time?

Back 15

Depending on where people were located, that is what their ideas were. If they were in the South, they believed they were treated poorly and people are trying to go against them and make slavery illegal. If they were in the North, people believed they were doing the right thing fighting against slavery and the South was not treated poorly.

Front 16

Describe the war with Mexico. What was the Wilmont Proviso?

Back 16

Congressman David Wilmot first introduced the Proviso in the United States House of Representatives on August 8, 1846 as a rider on a $2,000,000 appropriations bill intended for the final negotiations to resolve the Mexican–American War. (In fact this was only three months into the two-year war.) It passed the House but failed in the Senate, where the South had greater representation. It was reintroduced in February 1847 and again passed the House and failed in the Senate. In 1848, an attempt to make it part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo also failed. Sectional conflict over slavery in the Southwest continued up to the Compromise of 1850.

Front 17

Explain the Compromise of 1850.

Back 17

The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five bills, passed in September 1850, which defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). The compromise, drafted by Whig Henry Clay and brokered by Clay and Democrat Stephen Douglas, avoided secession or civil war and reduced sectional conflict for four years. The Compromise was greeted with relief, although each side disliked specific provisions.
Texas surrendered its claim to New Mexico, which it had threatened war over, as well as its claims north of the Missouri Compromise Line, transferred its crushing public debt to the federal government, and retained the control over El Paso. California's application for admission as a free state with its current boundaries was approved and a Southern proposal to split California at parallel 35° north to provide a Southern territory was not approved.
The South avoided adoption of the symbolically significant Wilmot Proviso[1] and the new New Mexico Territory and Utah Territory could in principle decide in the future to become slave states (popular sovereignty). The most concrete Southern gains were a stronger Fugitive Slave Act, the enforcement of which outraged Northern public opinion, and preservation of slavery in the national capital, although the slave trade was banned there except in the portion of the District of Columbia that had rejoined Virginia.