Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Charles Horton Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as a) an instrumental group b) an expressive group c) a primary group d) a secondary group |
c) a primary group |
|
|
Which of the following is every society's MOST important primary group a) the peer group b) the work group c) the family d) the play group |
c) the family |
|
|
Read the list of traits below. Which of these traits is NOT a characteristic of secondary groups? a) large size b) members have weak emotional ties c) members have a personal orientation d) often short-term duration |
c) member have a personal orientation |
|
|
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the competition of tasks? a) democratic leadership b) authoritarian leadership c) expressive leadership d) instrumental leadership |
d) instrumental leadership |
|
|
What concept refers to group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being? a) democratic leadership b) authoritarian leadership c) expressive leadership d) instrumental leadership |
c) expressive leadership |
|
|
Which type of leadership style takes charge of making decisions and makes sure people do what they are told? |
a) authoritarian leadership |
|
|
Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens? a) authoritarian leader b) democratic leader c) laissez-faire leader d) expressive leader |
b) democratic leader |
|
|
What type of leaders downplay their own power, letting the group function more or less on its own? a) authoritarian leaders b) democratic leaders c) laissez-faire leaders d) instrumental leaders |
c) laissez-faire leaders |
|
|
Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed a) people became angry when others disagree with them b) the ability to withstand pain varies with cultural background c) people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals d) that ordinary people are surprisingly independent in their judgments |
c) people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals |
|
|
What is the sociological term coined by Irving Janis for a limited understanding of some issue resulting from group conformity?
a) reference group consciousness b) groupthink c) in-group thinking d) tunnel vision |
b) groupthink |
|
|
A social group toward which a person feels competition or opposition is which of the following? a) an in-group b) an out-group c) a reference group d) a social network |
b) an out-group |
|
|
Which statement correctly reflects Simmel's interpretation of the dyad? a) Dyads are less stable than groups with many members b) Typically, dyads involve less intense interaction c) Most people find dyads less meaningful than triads d) Dyads are more stable than groups with many members |
a) Dyads are less stable than groups with many members |
|
|
Which type of formal organization is sometimes called a "voluntary association"?
a) normative organizations b) coercive organizations c) utilitarian organizations d) all of these are correct |
a) normative organizations |
|
|
The concept "bureaucracy" refers to a) a large, normative organization b) any source of inefficiency in organizational operation c) an organizational model that operates informally d) an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently |
d) an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently |
|
|
Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. As he saw it, what is the danger?
a) organizations create social inequality b) organizations create conflict among workers c) organizations create alienation d) organizations create conformity |
c) organizations create alienation |
|
|
The basic idea behind scientific management is that
a) both science and formal organizations are rational b) organizations benefit from employees with scientific knowledge c) applying scientific principles can make a business more efficient d) all of these are correct |
c) applying scientific principles can make a business more efficient |
|
|
During the last fifty years, Japanese formal organizations have differed from those in the United States by being a) less efficient b) less profitable c) more collective in their orientation d) more hierarchical |
c) more collective in their orientation |
|
|
The concept "McDonaldization" of society refers to
a) McDonald's organizational principles moving to dominate all of society b) the spread of McDonald's restaurants around the world c) society becoming more filled with red tape and inefficiency d) the less and less predictable nature of today's society |
a) McDonald's organizational principles moving to dominate all of society |
|
|
The text speaks of "opposing trends" in today's world of formal organizations because a) some organizations are getting bigger, but most are getting smaller b) men dominate formal organizations, but women are gaining quickly c) some organizations have evolved toward flatter, more flexible forms, but others remain rigid organizations patterned by McDonald's d) all of these are correct |
c) some organizations have evolved toward flatter, more flexible forms, but others remain rigid organizations patterned by McDonald's |
|
|
According to Deborah Tannen, what traits make up a "female advantage?" |
d) all of these are correct |
