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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The tragic case of Anna, the isolated girl who was studied by Kingsley Davis, shows that a) humans have most of the same instincts found in other animal species b) without social experience, a child is not able to act or communicate in a meaningful way c) personality is present in humans at birth d) early socialization is not critical to personality development |
b) without social experience, a child is not able to act or communicate in a meaningful way
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What concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture?
a) socialization b) personality c) human nature d) behaviorism |
a) socialization |
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The social sciences, including sociology, make the claim that
a) humans have instincts that guide our lives b) biological forces underlie human culture c) as humans, to nurture is our nature d) Darwin's model of biological evolution explains the patterns of human culture |
c) as humans, to nurture is our nature |
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In the nature vs nurture debate, sociologists claim that a) nature is far more important than nurture b) nurture is far more important than nature c) nature and nurture have equal importance d) neither nature nor nurture creates the essence of our humanity |
b) nurture is far more important than nature |
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Based on the Harlows' research with rhesus monkeys and the case of Anna, the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that |
d) long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans |
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Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the a) superego b) ego c) id d) me |
c) id |
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In Freud's model of personality, which element of the personality represents a person's efforts to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure-seeking drives? |
b) ego |
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According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?
a) sensorimotor stage b) preoperational stage c) concrete operational stage d) formal operational stage |
a) sensorimotor stage |
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For Jean Piaget, at which stage of development do individuals first use language and other cultural symbols?
a) sensorimotor stage b) preoperational stage c) concrete operational stage d) formal operational stage |
b) preoperational stage |
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Carol Gilligan set out to compare the moral development of girls and boys. Her research showed that a) girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards b) girls are more interested in right and wrong than boys are c) boys show more care and empathy in judging a moral situation than girls do d) the ability to assess situations as right and wrong typically develops only as young people enter the teenage years |
a) girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards |
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Mead placed the origin of self on a) biological drives b) genetics c) social experience d) the functioning of the brain |
c) social ecperience |
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by "taking the role of the other," Mead had in mind a) imagining a situation in terms of past experience b) recognizing that people have different views of most situations c) imagining a situation from another person's point of view d) trading self-centeredness for a focus on helping other people |
c) imagining a situation from another's person's point of view |
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When Cooley used the concept of the "looking-glass self," he claimed that a) people are self-centered b) people see themselves as they think others see them c) people see things only from their own point of view d) our actions are a reflection of our values |
b) people see themselves as they think others see them |
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Thinking about how patterns of child-rearing vary by class, lower-class parents generally stress _____, while well-to-do parents typically stress _____.
a) independence; protecting children b) independence; dependence c) obedience; creativity d) creativity; obedience |
c) obedience; creativity |
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Looking at childhood in global perspective, we find that a) childhood is a time of play and learning everywhere b) rich societies extend childhood much longer than do poor societies c) poor societies extend childhood much longer than do rich societies d) biological immaturity is the main factor that defines childhood |
b) rich societies extend childhood much longer than do poor societies |
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Based on what you have read in this chapter, how would sociologists explain the fact that many young people in the United States experience adolescence as a time of confusion?
a) There are cultural inconsistencies in this stage when people are no longer children but not yet adults b) Hormones greatly affect adolescents as they mature c) Growth always involves change and change is confusing d) As children, they did not complete the stages of socialization in the proper order |
a) There are cultural inconsistencies in this stage when people are not longer children but not yet adults |
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Industrial societies typically define in old age as a) the most wise b) the most knowledgeable about current fashion and trends c) more out of touch and less socially important than younger adults d) having the highest social standing |
c) more out of touch and less socially important than younger adults |
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Which of the following traits linked to a total institution is NOT correct? a) Staff members supervise all aspect of daily life b) Staff members encourage the individual growth and creativity of inmates c) Inmates have standardized food, clothing, and activities d) Formal rules direct people's daily routines |
b) Staff members encourage the individual growth and creativity of inmates |
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Based on the text's survey of the life course, you might conclude that a) life-course stages are shaped by society and have nothing to do with biology b) life-course stages are similar throughout the world c) while life-course stages are linked to biology, they are largely a social construction d) life-course stages have changed little over recent centuries |
c) while life-course stages are linked to biology, they are largely a social construction |
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What is the term sociologists give to a category of people with a common characteristic, usually their age?
a) age subculture b) generation c) age group d) cohort |
d) cohort |
