Social Psychology Exam 2

Front 1

What are the components of the Tripartite Model of what makes our attitudes

Back 1

- Affective (emotion/feelings)

- Behavioral

- Cognitive

Front 2

What are implicit and explicit attitudes

Back 2

These attitudes are uncontrollable and consciously not accessible to us.

These attitudes are consciously accessible, controlled, and reportable.

Front 3

What are the types of experiences that may go into attitude formation

Back 3

- social learning
- classical conditioning
- instrumental conditioning
- observational learning

Front 4

What are the three factors that make un the strength of a person's attitudes

Back 4

- attitude extremity/emotional reaction

- Attitude Certainty

- Personal Experience

Front 5

What are the parts to the Theory of Planned Behavior

Back 5

- Attitudes (evaluation of behavior)
- Subjective norms
o Evaluation of close others
o How much we care about their opinion/how much it matters to us
- Perceived control

Front 6

What are the tools used by communicators of persuasion

Back 6

- Credible
- Trustworthy
- Attractiveness of person sending the message
- Expert (most important when the message is complex)

Front 7

What are the two routes of the elaboration likelihood model and their effects

Back 7

The central route - High elaboration likelihood
: message is important, careful processing content (Persuaded by message content)

Peripheral route - Low elaboration likelihood
: message is unimportant, less thoughtful processing content, snap decision based on snap judgments, heuristics, etc (Persuaded by peripheral cues)

Front 8

What are some ego-depleting factors

Back 8

• Low glucose
• Social exclusion
• Mental exertion
• Torture
• Physical exertion
• relationships

Front 9

What is Balance Theory

Back 9

A theory of the relationship among a person, another person, and an attitude object
- A balanced triad has either all positive, or 2 negative and 1 positive relationships

Front 10

What are ways that imbalance-induced tension can be reduced

Back 10

- Altering attraction/relationship
- Avoiding an issue
- Changing an attitude

Front 11

What is Cognitive Dissonance

Back 11

An uncomfortable arousal resulting from either:
o An attitude inconsistent with another attitude
o An attitude inconsistent with a behavior

Front 12

What are ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

Back 12

- Change a cognition
- Add consonant cognitions- justification/rationalization for the behavior
- Change behavior
- Trivialize the attitudes or behaviors

Front 13

What is Post-decisional Dissonance

Back 13

Feeling of having made the wrong choice after a decision

Front 14

What is spreading the alternatives

Back 14

Prior to decision, alternative choices often look similar in attributes

After the decision, in order to alleviate discomfort we:
o Emphasize positive attributes of the choice made
o Emphasize the negative attributes of what was not chosen

Front 15

What is Insufficient Justification

Back 15

Dissonance resulting from a lack of reason for having made a decision

Front 16

What is Justification of Effort

Back 16

Reducing dissonance resulting from perceived misalignment of given effort and the results

Front 17

What are the elements of group antagonism

Back 17

Stereotypes: cognitive component

Prejudice: affective component

Discrimination: behavioral component

Front 18

What are superordinate goals and their effect on prejudice

Back 18

Goals that could only be achieved through working together
- these have the ability to decrease prejudice

Front 19

What are common responses when people confront what their group has done to another group

Back 19

- Collective guilt
- Victim blaming
- Moral disengagement
- Motivated forgetting

Front 20

What are the conditions that must present for intergroup contact to reduce prejudice

Back 20

- Equal status
- Cooperation
- Common goals
- Support of authorities

Front 21

What is the Mere-exposure effect

Back 21

The phenomenon that shows repeated exposure to an object or person increases our liking of it/them

Front 22

What are the two parts that attachment styles are based on

Back 22

Self-esteem: attitude about the self

Interpersonal trust: based on whether or not the infant perceives the caregiver as trustworthy or dependable.

Front 23

What different kinds of caregiver behavior determine attachment style of child

Back 23

Cold, distant caregiver → Avoidant child’s attachment

Inconsistent caregiver → Anxious child’s attachment

Consistently supportive caregiver → Secure child’s attachment

Front 24

What are the links to relationships for a person who has an avoidant attachment style (dismissing and fearful avoidant)

Back 24

- Unlikely to form close relationships, self-reliant
- Low in self-esteem and interpersonal trust
- Expect the worst from others
- Provide less support
- Most insecure and least adaptive of attachment styles

Front 25

What are the links to relationships for a person who has an anxious (preoccupied) attachment style

Back 25

- Low in self-esteem, high trust
- Want closeness, readily form relationships
- Feel unworthy
- Clingy, jealous

Front 26

What are the links to relationships for a person who has a secure attachment style

Back 26

- High in both self-esteem and trust
- More likely to have positive long-term relationships

Front 27

What are the links to relationships for a person who has a dismissing attachment style

Back 27

- High self-esteem, low interpersonal trust
- Believe they are deserving of good relationships but do not trust others
o Fear genuine closeness
o State that do not want or need close relationships

Front 28

What are the components in Sternberg’s Triangular Model of Love

Back 28

Intimacy: closeness, bond with partner

Passion: physical attraction, sex

Decision/ Commitment: decision to maintain relationship

Front 29

What is self-expansion theory

Back 29

In close relationships, we integrate qualities of partner into own self-concept

Front 30

What are people's comparison level and comparison level for alternatives in the interdependence theory

Back 30

Comparison Level: personal standard that determines satisfaction with a partner. It comes from past experience and/or social comparison

Comparison Level of Alternatives: perception of whether needs can be met without our partner
o Determines dependency (and power of partner)
o Other partners, alone, friends, work

Front 31

What are the antecedents of commitment in Rusbult’s Investment Model of Commitment

Back 31

Satisfaction: positivity of affect- feeling happy about the relationship

Quality of Alternatives: other partners, alone, etc

Investments: kids, effort, mortgage, memories, friends, etc.

Front 32

What are the outcomes of commitment in Rusbult’s Investment Model of Commitment

Back 32

Derogation of alternatives: derogate attractive alternative partners

Willingness to sacrifice: give up your own needs to meet the needs of your partner

Accommodation: inhibit impulse to reciprocate when partner behaves badly