Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What type of tissue is the penis largely made of? |
erectile |
|
|
The testes are located outside of the body to maintain a temperature that is __-__C cooler than the body temperature. |
2-3 |
|
|
Keeping the testes cooler than the rest of the body protects ________ ________. |
spermatozoa production |
|
|
What are functions of the testes? |
produces testosterone, produces small amounts of other androgens |
|
|
What is the function of the epididymis? |
stores new spermatozoa as they mature |
|
|
How many weeks does the spermatozoa mature in the epididymis? |
3 |
|
|
What is done during a vasectomy? |
ligation of both deferent ducts |
|
|
vas deferenes |
deferent ducts |
|
|
accessory glands |
seminal vesicles, prostate gland, cowpers glands |
|
|
bulbourethral glands |
Cowpers glands |
|
|
seminal vesicles |
produces alkaline fluid that is part of the semen produced at ejaculation |
|
|
prostate gland |
produces a thin, milky fluid that is part of semen produced at ejaculation |
|
|
The fluid that the seminal vesicles produce makes up ___% of ejaculate. |
60 |
|
|
The fluid that the prostate gland produces makes up ___% of ejaculate. |
30 |
|
|
Cowpers glands |
produces small amount of mucus into urethra before ejaculation |
|
|
____ ________ sperm are released per ejaculation. |
100 million |
|
|
____mL of ejaculate are released per ejaculation. |
3.5 |
|
|
About how long can sperm live in the ducts of the female reproductive system? |
5 days |
|
|
What is the function of the Skene's glands? |
source of female ejaculate |
|
|
Skene's glands |
paraurethral glands |
|
|
What is the function of the Bartholins glands? |
secrete mucus to lubricate the vulva |
|
|
introitus |
vaginal opening |
|
|
fornices |
recesses in vagina |
|
|
rugae |
series of ridges formed by folding of the wall of an organ |
|
|
What is the normal vaginal pH of a woman in her childbearing years? |
4.5 |
|
|
What is the normal position of the uterus? |
anteversion and anateflexion |
|
|
anteversion |
leaning forward toward the bladder |
|
|
anteflexion |
curved forward on itself |
|
|
cornua |
formed at junction of uterine body and fallopian tubes |
|
|
corpus |
body/upper 2/3 of the uterus made up of fundus, cornua, isthmus |
|
|
fundus |
upper rounded part of body of uterus above insertion of two fallopian tubes |
|
|
isthmus |
junction between body of uterus and cervix |
|
|
cervix |
lowest third of uterus, cylindrical in shape with lower 1/2 projecting into vagina at right angles |
|
|
When the internal os and external os are referenced, they are referring to the directional relationship to the ______ _________. |
cervical canal |
|
|
What are the layers of the uterine wall? |
inner circular, middle oblique/spinal, outer longitudinal |
|
|
inner circular |
sited mainly around cervix in cornua, assists cervical dilation during labor |
|
|
middle oblique/spinal |
thickest in upper body of uterus where placenta usually is, ability to contract powerfully after placental separation |
|
|
outer longitudinal |
extend from cervix anteriorly over uterus to posterior of cervix, ability to shorten during labor which is also known as descent and expulsion |
|
|
broad round, cardinal, pubocervical, uterosacral |
uterine ligaments |
|
|
broad round uterine ligament |
connects sides of uterus to walls and floor of pelvis |
|
|
cardinal uterine ligament |
supports uterine angle |
|
|
pubocervical uterine ligament |
limited support to uterus, connects side of cervix to public symphysis |
|
|
uterosacral uterine ligament |
maintain position of anteversion |
|
|
What is the primary source of estrogens and progesterone? |
ovaries |
|
|
Breastmilk is produced in the _______ of the breasts. |
ducts |
|
|
______ amounts of breastmilk are produced for a ______ time. |
small, short |
|
|
When the breast is stimulated, nerve impulses go to the __________. |
hypothalamus |
|
|
From the hypothalamus the impulse travels to the posterior ________ gland and releases ________ into the bloodstream. |
pituitary, oxytocin |
|
|
Myoepithelial cells surrounding the ______ contact and force milk into the ______. |
alveoli, ducts |
|
|
Increased __________ __________ and ______ ______ increase the milk flow rate. |
intraductal pressure, duct dilation |
|
|
proliferative, secretory, menstrual |
phases of the 28 day menstrual cycle |
|
|
The proliferative phase starts on day ___ and goes until day ____ of the menstrual cycle. |
6, 14 |
|
|
The secretory phase starts on day ___ and goes until day ____ of the menstrual cycle. |
15, 28 |
|
|
The menstrual phase starts on day ___ and goes until day ____ of the menstrual cycle. |
1, 5 |
|
|
proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle |
ovarian follicles mature and prime for ovulation, estrogen levels rise, endometrial blood supply increases, LH levels rise, ovulation is at the end of the cycle |
|
|
secretory phase of the menstrual cycle |
higher progesterone levels from the corpus luteum, endometrium is already primed by estrogen and there is an increase in blood supply, endometrial glands grow and release nutrients, embryo releases a LH like hormone |
|
|
menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle |
superficial, functional layer of thick, endometrial is detaching which causes bleeding, the blood goes to the vagina which is known as the menstrual flow |
|
|
estrogen |
growth hormone |
|
|
progesterone |
maturation hormone |
|
|
Estrogens are responsible for what roles in the menstrual cycle? |
development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, control of fluid and electrolyte balance, increase in protein anabolism |
|
|
Progesterone is responsible for what roles in the menstrual cycle? |
prepares endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum and mammary glands for milk secretion |
|
|
FSH |
follicle stimulating hormone |
|
|
LH |
luteinizing hormone |
|
|
follicle stimulating hormone |
stimulates development of ovarian follicles and the secretion of estrogens by follicles |
|
|
luteinizing hormone |
stimulates further development of the ovarian follicles, brings about ovulation, stimulates production of estrogens, progesterone, relaxin via ovarian cells |
|
|
What external factors can interfere with the normal cycling of a woman's hormones? |
stress, dietary changes, environment changes, weather |
|
|
hypothalamus/pituitary/gonad complex |
These glands work together so often many find it helpful to describe them as one entity. |
|
|
meiosis |
consists of two successive divisions of the nucleus |
|
|
mitosis |
more common, consists of one division of the nucleus |
|
|
Secondary sex characteristics that occur during puberty for females. |
budding breasts, first menstrual period, axillary and pubic hair, widening and lengthening of pelvis, more fat deposits in the skin in the hip and breast regions |
|
|
Secondary sex characteristics that occur during puberty for males. |
deepening of voice because larynx grows, more hair all over the body esp. axillary and face, more skeletal muscles produce heavier muscle mass, greater heaviness of skeleton because of bone growth and density |
