Lymphatic System Workbook Ohb

Front 1

Functions of the lymphatic system

Back 1

-returns leaked plasma to blood vessels after cleansing it of bacterai etc.

-provides sites for surveillance by immune system cells

-hinder pathogen entry

-prevent the spread of disease-causing microorganisms

-strengthen immune response

Front 2

What is the function of the lymphatic vessels?

Back 2

Form an elaborate drainage system that picks up this excess lymph and return it to the blood

Front 3

excess tissue fluid, "clear water"

Back 3

lymph

Front 4

Lymphatics form a one-way system to the _____

Back 4

heart

Front 5

lymph _________ weave between tissue cells and blood capillaries in loose connective tissues of body and absorb leaked fluid

Back 5

capillaries

Front 6

When fluid pressure rises in interstitial space fluid enters lymphatic capillary via _____.

Back 6

1-way flaps

Front 7

What are the functions of lymph nodes?

Back 7

-help protect body by removing foreign material from lymphatic stream

-produces lymphocytes that function in immune response

Front 8

What are the regions where there is a large concentration of lymph nodes?

Back 8

-inguinal

-axillary

-cervical

Front 9

What is the function of the spleen?

Back 9

-filters blood

-stores platelets

-blood reservoir*

-provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance

*during hemorrhage spleen and liver empty contents to help

Front 10

What is the function of the thymus?

Back 10

-produces hormones (thymosin)

Front 11

What is the function of the tonsils?

Back 11

-trap and remove any bacteria/foreign pathogens entering the throat

Front 12

What is the body's first line of defense?

Back 12

(innate)

skin/mucous membranes/secretions of skin and mucous membranes

Front 13

What is the body's second line of defense?

Back 13

(innate)

phagocytic cells, natural killer cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammatory response

Front 14

What is the body's third line of defense?

Back 14

(adaptive)

lymphocytes/antibodies/macrophages/other anti-presenting cells

Front 15

non-specific defenses

(innate defense system)

Back 15

mechanical barriers that cover body surfaces and to the cells and chemicals that act on initial battlefronts to protect body from invading pathogens

Front 16

types of non-specific defenses

Back 16

-acid pH of skin secretions (3-5) ex-vaginal, urine, sebum

-stomach mucosa secrete hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting enzymes = kill pathogens

-lysozyme kills bacteria in saliva and lacrimal fluid

-sticky muccus traps many organisms that enter digestive and respiratory tracts

Front 17

natural killer cells

(NK cells)

Back 17

"pit bulls of defense system"

-nonphagocytic

-attack cells membrane and release perforins which cause the membrane and nucleus to disintegrate

-release powerful inflammatory chemicals

-can kill certain cells before adaptive arm of immune system enlisted

Front 18

inflammatory response

Back 18

nonspecific response triggered whenever body tissues are injured

Front 19

How is fever an immune response?

Back 19

-response to pyrogens released by WBC and macrophages exposed to foreign cells/substances

-liver and spleen hoard iron which bacteria needs

-higher metabolic rate of tissue cells = faster repair process

Front 20

What is an antigen (Ag)?

Back 20

Any substance capable of mobilizing our immune system and provoking an immune response.

Front 21

What are the two types of lymphocytes and how does each function?

Back 21

-B lymphocytes (B cells)

-T lymphocytes (T cells)

Front 22

B lymphocytes

Back 22

produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity

Front 23

T lymphocytes

Back 23

non-antibody producing lymphocytes that constitute cell-mediated arm of adaptive defense system

Front 24

What is B lymphocyte sensitization?

Back 24

Immature B lymphocyte is stimulated to complete its development - undergoes "clonal selection" - begins to grow - multiplies rapidly to form an array of like cells (same antigen-specific receptors)

Front 25

naturally acquired active immunity

Back 25

naturally acquired during bacterial and viral infection, during which we may develop signs

Front 26

naturally acquired passive immunity

Back 26

to fetus when Mother's antibodies cross palcenta and enter fetal circulation and during breastfeeding

Front 27

artificially acquired active immunity

Back 27

vaccines

Front 28

artificially acquired passive immunity

Back 28

immune serum or gamma globulin

Front 29

antibodies

(Igs - Immunoglobins)

Back 29

gamma globulin in part of blood proteins; soluble proteins secreted by activated B cells or by plasma-cell offspring in response to antigen, capable of binding specifically with taht antigen

Front 30

IgD

Back 30

increases in pregnancy until term

Front 31

IgM

Back 31

remains stable or may decrease slightly during pregnancy

Front 32

IgG

Back 32

little to no increase during pregnancy (possibly due to hemodilution)

Front 33

IgA

Back 33

decreases or remains stable during pregnancy

Front 34

IgE

Back 34

minimal or no change during pregnancy

Front 35

B-Lymphocytes are active in antibody-mediated immunity and T lymphocytes are active in __________ immunity.

Back 35

adaptive defense system

Front 36

Killer T Cells

Back 36

specialize in killing virus-infected, cancer, foreign graft cells

Front 37

Helper T Cells

Back 37

"directors"/"managers" of immune system circulate through body recruiting other cells to fight invaders

Front 38

Suppressor T Cell

(regulatory T cell)

Back 38

releases chemicals that suppresses activity of both T and B cells - vital for winding down/stopping immune response

Front 39

allergies

Back 39

abnormally vigorous immune responses in which immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off perceived "threat" which is normally harmless

Front 40

immunodeficiencies

Back 40

includes congenital and acquired conditions in which production or function of immune cells or complement is abnormal

Front 41

autoimmune disease

Back 41

person's own immune system produces a disorder, body can't tell friend from foe and produces antibodies and T-cells that attack the body's own tissue

Front 42

"immunological balancing act" during pregnancy

Back 42

Mother's immune system has to remain tolerant of potential major histocompatibility antigens and yet maintain normal immune competence for defense against microorganisms