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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Connects the peripheral nervous system to the brain
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Spinal Cord
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Brains basement beginning where spinal cord enters the skull
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Brainstem
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Controls heartbeat and breathing
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Medulla
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Network of neurons extending from spinal cord up to thalamus
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Reticular Formation
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Brains sensory switchboard, located on top of brainstem, directs messages to sensory receiving arease in the cortex of the brain and transmits replies to cerebullum and medulla
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thalamus
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The "little brain" attatched to the rear of brainstem, helping to codinate voluntary movement and balance
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cerebellum
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system of neural structures on border of brainstem; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression
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limbic system
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Three parts of limbic system
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amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
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Clusters that are components of the limbic system and linked to emotion
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amygdala
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Neural structure directing several maintenance activities, and helps govern endocrine system via pituitary gland and linked to emotion
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hypothalamus
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intricate interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres; bodys ultamite control and information-processing center
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cerebral cortex
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cells in nervous system that are not neurons but that support, nourish and protect neurons
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glial cells
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portion of brain involving speaking and muscle movement and making plans/judgements
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frontal lobes
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portion of brain that includes sensory neurons
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parietal lobes
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portion of brain including auditory areas
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temporal lobes
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Area in brain that controls voluntary movement
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motor cortex
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the area in the brain that registers and processes body sensations
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sensory cortex
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areas of brain that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions: rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking
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association areas
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impairment of language, usually cause by left hemisphere damage either to Brocar area or Wernicks Area
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aphasia
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area of frontal lobe that directs muscle movement involved in speech
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Brocas Area
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brain area involved in language comprehension and expression
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Wernicke's AREA
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Brains capacity for modification, as evident in brain and in experiments on the effects of experience of brain development
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plasticity
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the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them
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corpus collosum
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condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers between them
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split brain
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left side of brain usually serves as the
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interpretor
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right side of the brain usually responds to
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simples requests, observation, recognizing faces, percieving emotion
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tissue destruction
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lesion
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amplified reocrding of waves of electrical activit that sweep across brains surface measure by electrodes placed on scalp
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electroencephalogram
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series of x-ray photos taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representative of a slice through the body
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Computed temography scan (CAT scan)
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visual display of brain activity that detects where a a radioactive form of glucose goes while brain performs a given task
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PET scan
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a tehcnique that uses magnetic fields and radiowaves to produce computer0generated images that distinguish among different types of soft tissue
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MRI
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bodys electrochemical communication system, consisting of nerve cells f periphial and central nervous system
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nervous system
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brain and spinal cord make up this structure
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antral nervous system
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sensory/motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
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periphial nervous system
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neural cables containing many axons which connect the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
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nerves
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carry incoming information from sense receptors to central nervous system
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interneurons
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carry outgoing information from central nervous sytem to muscle and glands
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motor neurons
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division of peripheral nervous system that controls bodys skeletal muscles
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somatic nervous system
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part of peripheral nervous system that controls glands/muscles of the internal organs
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autonomic nervous system
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arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
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sympathetic nervous system
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calms the body, preserving its energy
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the bodys slow chemical communcation system; a set of glands that secrete hormoes into bloodstream
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endocrine system
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chemical messengers, mostly those manufactures by endocrine glands
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hormones
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endocrine systems influential glande, regulating growth and controlling other endocrine glands = MASTER GLAND
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pituitary gland
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alpha waves are a part of which stage of sleep?
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twilight
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in what stage of sleep are you awake and relaxed
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twilight
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in what stage of sleep does your heart rate initially begin to decrease, along with temperature, and blood pressure drops, muscles relax, eyes roll back
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Stage 1
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At what stage of sleep is HR, temp, and BP at its lowest?
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Stage 4
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At which stage do delta waves occur in?
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Stage 4
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Average time length of sleep cycle
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90 minutes
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Sleep Cycle
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1-2-3-4-3-2-1-REM
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Freuds idea of the "manifest" dream
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obvious meaning of dream
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Freuds idea of the "latent" dream
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hidden meaning behind the dream
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periodic physiological flunctuations
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biological rhythms
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biological clock; regular body rhythms that occur on 24-hr cycle
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circadiar rhythm
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What things can possibly disrupt circadiar rhythm
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transcontinental flights, light, replication
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periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness
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sleep
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false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
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hallucinations
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accumulated loss of sleep based on 9-hour per night average
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sleep debt
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recurring problems in falling/staying asleep
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insomnia
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sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
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narcolepsy
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temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary awakenings - "snoring"
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sleep aphea
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high arousal and an appearance of being terrorized, occuring during stage 4 sleep
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night terror
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sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind
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dream
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remembered story of a dream
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manifest content
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underlying meaning of a dream
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latent content
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tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
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REM rebounds
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structural brain imaging techniques
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xray, CT, MRI
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functional brain imaging techniques
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fMRI, PET, EROS, EEGIERP, MEG, TMS
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CT
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computerzied tomography
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MRI
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magnetic resonance imaging (proton spin)
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fMRI
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functional MRI (blood flow)
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PET
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positron emission tomography (radioactive decay)
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EEG.ERP
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electroencephalography (eletrical)
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EROS
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event related optical signal (light scattering)
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MEG
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magnetoencephalography (magnetic)
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TMS
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transcranial magnetic stimulation (magnetic)
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Wilhelm Rontgen, 1895
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discovered the xray
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Hans Berger and Eugene Aserinsky first used the
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EEG
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