Psychology Exam 3

Front 1

The Flynn Effect predicts that:

Back 1

IQ tests rise after every generation, but 100 is kept as the mean

Front 2

Of the following, the best predictor of intelligence is?

Back 2

Socioeconomic status

Front 3

An intelligence test reliably predicts all the following EXCEPT :

Back 3

Person's later happiness

Front 4

Andrea scored 130 on a modern IQ test. Aboutwhat percentage of the population scores higher than Andrea?

Back 4

2.1%

Front 5

The first intelligence test was developed inorder to:

Back 5

predict school performance

Front 6

An elementary school that wishes to administer an intelligence test to its students might use the

Back 6

stanford-binet

Front 7

________ termed general intellectual ability, ________.

Back 7

Charles Spearman & g-factor/g-spot

Front 8

A person of low intelligence who has an extraordinary ability in some area is called:

Back 8

savant

Front 9

According to Howard Gardner, standard intelligence tests measure which three abilities?

Back 9

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spacial

Front 10

A male zygote results from a(n):

Back 10

y sex chromosome

Front 11

What is the evidence that a newborn infant prefers the sound of his/her own mother's voice to that of other women?

Back 11

The infant will suck harder when he hears the sound of his own mother's voice

Front 12

Children of mothers who received insufficient nutrition during pregnancy tend to have:

Back 12

Psychological and physical problems (low weight, risk of retardation, lower achievement, behavior problems)

Front 13

Babies whose mothers smoke tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have all of these EXCEPT:

Back 13

When they do smoke: premature birth, low-weight, stillbirth, SIDS

Front 14

What is the order of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Back 14

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations

Front 15

Seven-month-old José is given a kind of cracker that he has never eaten before. He promptly puts it into his mouth and eats it. According to Piaget, he is demonstrating:

Back 15

Assimilation

Front 16

Isabel, who just had her first birthday, sees a butterfly and exclaims, “Bird!” “No, that's a butterfly,” says her grandmother. The next time Isabel sees a butterfly, she responds “no” when asked if it is a bird. According to Piaget, Isabel has just shown:

Back 16

accommodation

Front 17

Three-month-old Shantel has not yet acquired object permanence and, as a result, she will:

Back 17

not remember where an object is/went

Front 18

According to Piaget, the preoperational stage of cognitive development begins at ________ and ends at about age ________.

Back 18

2-7 years old

Front 19

As children watched, Dr. Vallance poured the same amount of juice into two identical glasses. Then she poured the juice from one of those glasses into a taller, narrower glass. When asked which glass now has more juice, children in the concrete operational stage say that:

Back 19

The glasses have the same amount

Front 20

Megan has a habit of standing in front of the television, even though other people behind her ’are also trying to watch the television. Megan seems unaware that people cannot see the television through her head. Megan:

Back 20

in the preoperational stages of development, age 2-7, with Egocentric thinking

Front 21

Erik Erikson's stages of development deal with

Back 21

psychosocial stages of development (social relationships through each stage of personality development

Front 22

According to Erik Erikson, the principal ’conflict of adolescence is:

Back 22

identity vs. role confusion

Front 23

According to Erik Erikson, ego integrity versus despair is of greatest concern to people of what age?

Back 23

past 65 years old

Front 24

Sigmund Freud proposed the __________ theory of development.

Back 24

psychosexual

Front 25

Freud theorized that boys from 3 to 6 years of age developed a longing to have sex with their mothers. He called this the Oedipus complex. What was thought to suppress this desire?

Back 25

castration anxiety

Front 26

Freud also theorized that girls were envious of their father's penis—Freud proposed that girls blamed their mothers for "taking away my penis". What did Freud call this complex?

Back 26

the Electra complex

Front 27

What is the correct order of Freud's developmental stages?

Back 27

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Front 28

An investigator shows a child two balls of clay of equal size and then squashes one of them and asks the child whether the squashed ball has more clay than the round ball. The experimenter is testing whether the child has the concept of

Back 28

conservation

Front 29

According to Erik Erikson, the identity crisis (the question "Who am I?") is of greatest concern to people of what age?

Back 29

12-20 years old

Front 30

People generally perform better on the Wason 4-card problem after they have entered formal operations, because the ability to think abstractly begins to occur in formal operations.

Back 30

true

Front 31

Howard Gardner (1993) studied the lives of seven individuals who are widely regarded as very creative in their respective fields, including Freud, Einstein, Picasso, and others. He found a few things those people had in common. Which was NOT one of those common patterns?

Back 31

Living a generally well-rounded lifestyle

Front 32

Hans Selye discovered that stress has a _____ in an organism, and he called this

Back 32

non-specific response; general adaptation syndrome

Front 33

Which of the following is NOT a part of the stress response

Back 33

3 responses: Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

Front 34

During the stress response, the ______ releases _____.

Back 34

Adrenal Cortex; cortisol

Hypothalamus; CRH

Front 35

In comparing statistics for 1900 versus the modern day, one consistent factor in the leading causes of death is:

Back 35

Stress, Flu

Front 36

Biological and psychological stress result in essentially the same physiological response in the body.

Back 36

True

Front 37

What is the concept of a non-stressful balance called?

Back 37

homeostasis

Front 38

The “Type A” personality is characterized by all of the following, except:

Back 38

Type A: Higher level of cholesterol An intense, sustained drive to achieve one’s personal goals A profound tendency and eagerness to compare in all situationsA persistent desire for recognition and advancementContinuous involvement in multiple activities that are constantly subject to deadlines Habitual tendency to rush to finish activities Extraordinary mental and physical alertness

Type B:Apathetic patient, relaxed, easy-going, no sense of time schedule, having poor organization, lacking overriding sense of urgency

Front 39

What is hormesis?

Back 39

an overcompensation for mild environmental stress

Front 40

Acute stress __________ immune function, whereas prolonged stress __________immune function.

Back 40

boosts; harms/lowers

Front 41

In response to stress, the body releases which of the following substances into the bloodstream?

Back 41

Hormones: cortisol, adrenaline, norepinephrine

Front 42

Richard Lazarus found that the amount of stress a person experiences is dependent on their ______.

Back 42

perception/interpretation of an event

Front 43

Which of the following would increase lifespan in the United States the most?

Back 43

Decrease in obesity

Front 44

The HPA axis is a negative feedback loop, which means:

Back 44

Causes a decrease in function

Front 45

Psychodynamic approaches claim that personality is

Back 45

a result of hidden motives, conflicting motives, and subconcious motives

Front 46

According to Freud, what does the superego do?

Back 46

contains memory of parental, moral, and societal rules; evaluates behavior in comparison to the prohibitions taught by one's parents

Front 47

Which of the following do humanistic psychologists try to encourage?

Back 47

Free will and self determination; becoming your best self

Front 48

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the self-actualized personality, according to Abraham Maslow?

Back 48

Strong effort to make oneself look good

Front 49

A personality trait is a ______; a personality state is a ______.

Back 49

consistent behavioral tendency; temporary activation of a behavior

Front 50

Which of the following would be a view expressed by somebody with an external locus of control?

Back 50

They are being controlled by external forces

Front 51

Why is it especially difficult to develop good measures of personality?

Back 51

We are trying to measure how someone acts in general, but their behavior may change from moment to moment

Front 52

Many psychologists believe they can account for the largest proportion of personality differences by means of the following five traits:

Back 52

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)

Front 53

Psychologists use primarily two kinds of personality test. What are they?

Back 53

projective test and self-report inventories

Front 54

Which of the following facts tends to contradict Lorenz's theory of motivation?

Back 54

People can inhibit an impulse toward a behavior

Front 55

Which of the following is an example of motivation, as described in drive reduction theory?

Back 55

Animals must eat to reduce hunger, drink for thirst, have sex

Front 56

Which of the following best supports an incentive view of motivation?

Back 56

anything that is external and pulling us to do something

Front 57

What technique did Masters and Johnson use to study the human sexual response?

Back 57

observation of sexual acts in a lab

Front 58

According to Masters and Johnson, human sexual arousal proceeds through four stages:

Back 58

excitement, plateau, climax, resolution

Front 59

The sexual arousal of women differs from men in which way?

Back 59

women are more likely to experience multiple orgasms without a rest period

Front 60

Emotions are generally associated with changes in the activity of the ______ nervous system.

Back 60

autonomic; sympathetic

Front 61

The fact that a person with a severed spinal cord reports feeling little or no emotion tends to support the

Back 61

James Lange Theory

Front 62

Psychologists attempting to identify basic emotions have generally made each of the following assumptions, except

Back 62

basic emotions should be triggered by the same situations for all people

Front 63

The well-known psychologist Paul Ekman drew conclusions about the consistency of human nature from one culture to another, based on his studies of

Back 63

facial expression

Front 64

Children who are born deaf and blind

Back 64

spontaneously develop normal facial and emotional expressions

Front 65

In most people, the long-term memory store has:

Back 65

unlimited amount of info

Front 66

The case of H.M. is a documented case of a patient whose speech skills and intelligence were unaffected by the removal of parts of his temporal lobe but who could not form new long-term memories. Which disorder did H.M. have?

Back 66

Anterograde Amnesia

Front 67

Scuba divers who attempt to memorize a list of words on a boat will subsequently remember more of those words when tested:

Back 67

When they are in the same state as when they learned to words (on a boat)

Front 68

There are two types of ________ memory, ________ memory, which is for facts and knowledge, and ________ memory for experienced events.

Back 68

long term: declarative, procedural

Front 69

Michelle, whose first language is Spanish, is currently learning French in college. When she goes to see her Spanish-speaking grandmother, she inserts French words into her Spanish. Michelle is experiencing:

Back 69

Retroactive Interference

Front 70

You are taking a biology class. During lecture, you listen, take notes, and think about how the information is related to you. These are all examples of ________ information into memory. When you rehearse this information, you are facilitating ________. During a test, you must remember the information, which is called ________.

Back 70

Encoding, storing, retrieval

Front 71

Anthony is given a list of 20 objects to memorize in order. Anthony imagines a walk from home to school and pictures one of the objects on each street corner. What technique of memory is Anthony probably using?

Back 71

Loci Method

Front 72

A second-grade teacher decided to give her students some homework. The homework was to learn as many digits as possible of the math constant pi. The student who memorized the most digits of pi for the next day would receive a reward. Which piece of advice would most help the students with their homework?

Back 72

Sleep (incubate), rehearse and chunk (consolidate)

Front 73

Brain-imaging studies indicate that the executive functioning underlying working memory is attributable to activity in the ________ lobe.

Back 73

Frontal

Front 74

During stress, memory ability is improved

Back 74

True