Abnormal Psychology Exam 3

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dissociative amnesia

DSM-5 Criteria

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1-inability to recall autobiographycal information, usually after a traumatic event

2-SOF impairment

3-make sure make its not due to head injury or substances use

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specifier for dissociative amnesia

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dissociative fugue

-person completely forgets identity and wonders off

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Gender difference for dissociative amnesia

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2female/1male

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selective amnesia

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part of aspect of event that a person can't remember

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localized amnesia

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forgets entire event or period of time

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generalized amnesia

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cannot remember ones identity or history

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comorbidity with dissociative amnesia

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PTSD and MDD (bc of guilt)

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suicide rate for for dissociative amnesia

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goes up after coming back from fugue state

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depersonalization/derealization disorder

DSM-5 criteria

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1-depersonalization(as tho one is in a dream)

2-derealization-experiences of unreality of surroundings

3-symptoms are persistent or recurrent

4-reality testing remain intact

4-symptoms are not explained by substance or other disorder/medical condition

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comorbidity with depersonalization/derealization disorder

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anxiety and depression

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dissociative identity disorder

DSM-5 criteria

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1-2 or more distinct personalities within the same person or experience of possession(seem possessed)

2-recurrent gaps in recall of everyday important information

3-SOF impairment

4-bahvior is not excepted as ones culture or religion

(rule out brain injury and substance abuse/very rare dx and takes a long time to diagnose)

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etiology and trigger for DID

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90 percent of ppl have a hx of child abuse

trigger- usually stressful event

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treatment for DID

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reintegration- to train to alters to go back to the host

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suicide rate for DID

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over 70% outpatient attempt suicide

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comorbidity of DID

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anxiety, depression and PTSD

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Somatic Symptom Disorder

DSM-5

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1-at least one somatic symptom that is distressing or disrupts daily living

2-exessive thoughts, feelings and behaviors related to somatic symptoms or health concerns as indicated by at least one of the following:

-health-related anxiety

-disproportionate and persistent concerns about the medical seriousness of symptoms and excessive time

-energy devoted to health concerns

3-duration of at least 6 months

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specifier for somatic symptom disorder

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predominant pain

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illness anxiety disorder

DSM-5

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1-preoccupation w/ having or acquiring a particular serious illness

2- symptoms ar absent or mild, but preoccupation is still present

3-high level of anxiety regarding health

4-excessive health related behavior (overly going to doc, taking temp etc.)

5-at least 6 month duration

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specifier for illness anxiety disorder

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care seeking

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conversion disorder

DSM-5 criteria

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1-altered motor or sensory function

2-symptoms are not recognized as a medical dx

3-SOF impairment

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factitious disorder

DSM-5 criteria

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1-purposely faking/forcing disorder

2-presenting oneself as ill

3-absent of external rewards

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Malingering

DSM-5

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1-fakes disorder/disease for external reward

ex: money, drugs

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Factitious disorder imposed on other

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1-faking disorder on someone else or forcing it on someone else

2-presenting the victim as ill

3-absent of external reward

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specifier for factious disorder

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w/ predominant pain

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positive symptoms of schizophrenia

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1-hallucinations

2-delusion

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negative symptoms of schizophrenia

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-alogia (reduction in speech)

-asociality

-blunt/flat affect(lack of emotional response)

-anhedonia

-avolition (no motivation)

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disorganized symptoms for schizophrenia

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-loose association (off track)

-behavior doesn't make sense or is silly

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movement symptoms for schizophrenia

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-abnormal psychomotor behavior (movements coming from the mind that don't make sense)

ex: catatonia- not moving at all for very long periods

waxy flexibility-assumes an abnormal position and holds it for an unusually long time

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schizophrenia

DSM-5 Criteria

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1- at least 2 of these for at least a month

-hallucination/delusions

-negative symptoms or disorganized behavior

2-SOF impairment

3-at least 6 months duration

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Phases

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-prodromal phase

-active phase

-residual phase

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onset for schizophrenia

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males- early/mid 20s

females- late 20s

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comorbidity for schizophrenia

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substance abuse

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schizophreniform disorder

DSM-5

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1-duration-last at least 1 month but no more than 6 months

2-at least 2 of the negative or positive sympotoms

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brief psychotic disorder

DSM-5

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1-duration of at least 1 day, but no longer than a month

2-hallucination, delusions or disorganized speech

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delusional disorder

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troubled by persistent delusions of persecution or delusional jealousy

(someone following you, someone cheating on you, etc.)

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Neurotransmitters in schizophrenia

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-related dopamine specific to the frontal lobe (low activity)

-dopamine receptors are too sensative

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brain structure in schizophrenia

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-smaller hippocampus

-reduction in grey matter in prefrontal cortex

-HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal)

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what in the environment is related to schizophrenia

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marijuana

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medication for schizophrenia

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-antipsychotic (work for positive symptoms and block dopamine binding)

negative risks: higher rate of cardiovascular disease, weight gain, small risk of tardivesyskinesia, sedation

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Psychoeducation/psychosocial treatment (therapy) in schizophrenia

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very useful after active phase is over in helping recover

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substance use disorder

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look for these within a 12 month period

-takes in larger amount or over a longer period of time that was intended

-tried to cut down use or regulate use but unsuccessful in attempt

-spends great deal of time obtaining, using, or recovering from effects

-craves substances, especially in typical environment where substance is used (classical conditioning)

-SOF impairment

-risky use of substance

-makes medical condition worse

-puts self in harms way

-tolerance

-withdrawal

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specify for substance abuse

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mild-2-3 symptoms

moderate- 4-5

severe- 6 or more

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gambling disorder

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persistent/recurrent gambling problem within a 12month period as indicated by at least 4 of these symptoms

-needs to gamble

-restless when tries to cut down

-unsuccessful attempts to cut back

-preoccupied with gambling

-often gambles when feeling distressed

-gambles to get even soon after losing

-lies to cover up just how much gambling id going on

-jeopardizes relationships/job for gambling

-relies on others for money to help with finical hardship caused by gambling

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neurotransmitters for substance use disorder

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dopamine

- people take it to feel pleasure of to feel 'less bad'

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toxic affect model

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social isolation

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treatment for substance use disorder

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-detoxification

-alcoholics anonymous

-CBT or other psychotherapy

-medications /drug replacement

-antabuse, naltiexone, campral, suboxone

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prevention

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aims towards teens, DARE

social skills training (learning to say no)

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Anorexia Nervose

DSM-5

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1-calorie restriction resulting in significantly low body weight

2-intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain ("fear is not reduced with weight loss)

3-disturbance in body perception (weight/shape) or lack of recognition of seriousness of current body weight

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specifiers for anorexia nervosa

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-restricting type (how many cals)

-binge eating or purging type

-mild, moderate or extreme

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comorbidity for anorexia

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-depression, OCD, phobias, panic disorder, substance use, and personality disorders

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prognosis for anorexia

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50-70% recover, but can take 6-7 years

-it is very life threatening (10 times higher than normal population)

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bulimia nervosa

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1-recurrent episodes of binge eating

2-recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain (exersise)

3-binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior occur at least 1x a week for 3 months

3-self evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight (self worth based on body)

4-not anorexia nervosa

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specifiers for bulimia

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mild:1-3 episodes

moderate:4-7 episodes

severe: 8-13

extreme: more than 13

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comorbidity for bulimia

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depression, personality disorders, anxiety, substance abuse, conduct disorder

(men-mood disorder as well )

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prognosis in bulimia

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suicide risk lower than anorexia higher than population

recovery =75%

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binge eating disorder

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1-recurrent episodes of binge eating

2-at least 3 of

-eating faster than usual

-uncomfortably full

-eating large amounts

-eating alone (embarrassment)

-feeling depressed/disgusted/guilty after

3-distressregarding binge eating

4-at least 1 a week for 3 months

5-nothing else (anorexia etc.)