Abnormal Psychology Exam 3

Front 1

(2) Subtypes of Anorexia:

Back 1

Restricting type
Binge-eating/purging type/ excessive exercise

Front 2

Anorexia: A refusal to maintain more than ___% of normal body weight

Back 2

85

Front 3

Anorexia: Peak age of onset =___to __ years

Back 3

15 to 25

Front 4

Anorexia: High comorbidity with other disorders (4)

Back 4

o Depression
o Obsessive compulsive disorder
o Panic disorder
o Personality disorders

Front 5

Anorexia: Prognosis
Approximately __% of people with AN recover eventually.

Often takes _-_ years

Back 5

70
6-7

Front 6

Anorexia: AN has one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder

__% die from medical complications or suicide

Back 6

20

Front 7

Bulimia: Symptoms at least__x/wk for __months

(statistic: Average __episodes per week)

Back 7

2
3
10

Front 8

Bulimia: Subtypes (2)

Back 8

Purging type
Nonpurging type (only 6-8% of BN cases)

Front 9

Bulimia: Age of onset = ___-___years old

Back 9

15-25

Front 10

Anorexia: __% will die from AN
__% will recover

Back 10

20%
70%

Front 11

Anorexia: First step treatment?

Back 11

restore body weight

Front 12

Bulimia: High comorbidity with (3) other disorders.

Back 12

o Depression
o Substance abuse
o Borderline personality disorder

Front 13

Bulimia: • Prevalence: __% of population

Back 13

3

Front 14

There are many reasons/factors why an individual may develop an eating disorder: (3)

Back 14

o Predisposing Factors
o Precipitating Factors
o Perpetuating Factors

Front 15

Recovery rate for Bulimia:

Back 15

70%

Front 16

Predisposing Factors:

____ and ____ Factors

Genes may promote characteristics such as impulsivity or emotional instability; neurochemicals in the hypothalamus (serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) may be involved

Back 16

Genetic and Biological

Front 17

Predisposing Factors:

_______ Factors

Pressures for thinness (thin = beautiful)

Media and glorification of eating disorders

Back 17

Sociocultural

Front 18

First step treatment for bulimia: (2)

Back 18

eliminate binge/purge
establish good eating habits

Front 19

Predisposing Factors:

______ Factors

High parental expectations, overprotective

Lack of conflict resolution

Back 19

Familial

Front 20

Which medications for Anorexia?

Back 20

No medications

Front 21

Predisposing Factors
_____ Factors

Low self-esteem, low perceived control, perfectionism.

Back 21

Individual

Front 22

______ Factors (trigger/ just before eating disorders develop)

Back 22

Precipitating

Front 23

Precipitating Factors (trigger/ just before eating disorders develop)
________
o Loss or break-up of a relationship
o Change (moving, graduation)
o Pressures about appearance
o Acculturative stress

Back 23

Stressors

Front 24

Eating disorders: Precipitating Factors (3)

Back 24

Stressors

Dissatisfaction with body weight and shape

Dieting to increase feelings of self-worth and control

Front 25

Eating disorders
_______Factors (these maintain the disorder after it develops)


Sense of control, identity, achievement
• Habit, comfortable
• Numbs or helps deal with feelings
• Positive reactions from others
• Ambivalence about change

Back 25

Perpetuating

Front 26

sudden onset of REM sleep

Back 26

cataplexy

loss of muscle tone

Front 27

Stages of sleep:

Back 27

4 steps

Front 28

problems with quality of sleep

Back 28

Dysomnia

Front 29

difficulty falling asleep or staying alseep

Back 29

insomnia

Front 30

____% suffer from insomnia

Back 30

33%

Front 31

Chronic excessive sleepiness with no identifiable explanation

Back 31

hypersomnia

Front 32

when is catalepsy most likely to happen?

Back 32

during excitement

Front 33

sleeping disorder: airway blocked is called:

Back 33

obstruction

Front 34

when brain shut down while sleeping:

Back 34

central sleep apnea

Front 35

A reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from and reduced responsiveness to the environment is?

Back 35

Sleep

Front 36

sleep:

A ____ _____state of perceptual disengagement from and reduced responsiveness to the environment

Back 36

reversible behavioral

Front 37

treatments: for sleep apnea (3)

Back 37

weight loss
sleeping air mask
surgical

Front 38

imbalance of day and night sleep is?

types?

Back 38

circadian rythm sleep disorder


jet lag
delayed sleep
advanced sleep
shift work

Front 39

________: Abnormal behavior or events during sleep

Back 39

Parasomnia

Front 40

Insomnia:

Causes (4)

Back 40

Medical disorders
Body temperature problems
Other environmental factors
Learned phenomenon

Front 41

Primary _________
o Chronic excessive sleepiness
 (At least one month)
o Prolonged sleep episodes or daily daytime sleep
o NOT due to lack of sleep or other sleep disorder
o Not related to another mental or physical disorder

Back 41

Primary hypersomnia

Front 42

primary symptom of a nightmare

Back 42

have to wake up in the middle of the night

Front 43

Sleeping Disorder: Treatment for _______: Benzodiazepines, Ambien, Sonata, Melatonin

Back 43

Insomnia

Front 44

Sleeping Disorder: Treatment for _______ and ________: amphetamines (stimulant)

Back 44

Hypersomnia
narcolepsy

Front 45

Sleeping Disorder: Treatment for ______: Antidepressants

Back 45

Cataplexy

Front 46

Excessive screaming and crying during sleep, never wake up

Back 46

Sleep Terror

Doesn't happen in REM sleep

Front 47

Treatment for Sleep Terror

Back 47

schedule awakening

Front 48

Sleeping Disorders: Treatment for _____________: Weight loss, surgery, mechanical devices (CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: Mask)

Back 48

Breathing-related disorders

Front 49

Treatment -- psychological
_________
Cleaning one’s behavior when it comes to sleep

Back 49

Sleep hygiene

Front 50

Treatment -- psychological

__________
Diaphragm, muscle relaxation, help go back to sleep

Back 50

Relaxation training

Front 51

Treatment -- psychological

__________
Ex. Using the bed only for sleep (no tv, being on phone, etc)

Formation of association between bed and sleep

Back 51

Stimulus control

Front 52

Treatment -- psychological

___________

Correct irrational beliefs about sleep

Paradoxical intention
• “reverse psychology”

Back 52

Cognitive therapy

Front 53

Two fields of the pscychophysicologial model

Back 53

behavioral medicine
health pscychologyy

Front 54

Responses to stress

Hans Selye- _______

three parts?

Back 54

General Adaptation Syndrome


alarm
resistance
exhaustion

Front 55

______ _______: Overt manifestations of “pain”

Back 55

Pain Behaviors

Front 56

Kinds of Pain
_______: Often follows injury, disappears when injury heals or is treated

Back 56

Acute

Front 57

Kinds of Pain

______: Does not decrease over time, even after injury heals or is treated

Back 57

Chronic

Front 58

Medically unexplained fatigue for at least 6 months; lack of nerve strength

Back 58

Neurasthemia

Front 59

________: process of making patients aware of specific physiological functions and developing some control over those functions

Back 59

Biofeedback

Front 60

Biofeedback:
Relieve _______by reducing tension in muscles of head and scalp

Back 60

headaches

Front 61

__________ disorder

Persistent or recurrent feelings of recurrent feelings of detachment from one’s mental processes or body

Back 61

Depersonalization Disorder

Front 62

Sudden inability to recall personal information

Back 62

Dissociative Amnesia

Front 63

Sudden, unexpected travel with inability to recall past, and assumption of new identity

Back 63

Dissociative Fugue

Front 64

DID: The different personalities are called:

Back 64

alters

Front 65

Said cause of dissociative identity disorder

Back 65

a trauma that require coping skills
chronic and severe child abuse

Front 66

DID: Amnesia

Alters are aware of each other

Back 66

Mutually cognizant

Front 67

DID: Amnesia

Don’t know that the alters exist

Back 67

Mutually amnesic

Front 68

DID: Amnesia

One alter is aware of the other alter, but the other alter is not aware of the other alter

Back 68

One-way amnesic

Front 69

What makes DID real? (2)

Back 69

observed to happen mostly in people who had traumatic abusive childhoods

physiological patterns

Front 70

What makes DID not real? (3)

Back 70

remember false information

therapist's coercion

intentionally fake

Front 71

Main key feature of Somatoform Disorder:

Back 71

focus on physical heath problems

Front 72

Somatization disorder has possible link to ______

Back 72

Anti-social personality disorder

Front 73

Body dysmorphic disorder can be related to ______

Back 73

OCD

Front 74

Knowledge derived from behavioral science is applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems

Back 74

Behavioral Medicine

Front 75

Study and apply psychological factors that are important to health promotion and maintenance

Back 75

Health Psychology

Front 76

Subfield of Behavioral Medicine

Back 76

Health Psychology

Front 77

o Medical conditions influenced by stress or other psychosocial factors
o Used to be called psychosomatic illness
o Common Example: Stress-related ulcers

Back 77

Psychophysiological Disorders

Front 78

Any Life Event Requiring a Psychological or Physical adaptation.

Back 78

Stressor

Front 79

Effects Of Stressor On Organism

Back 79

Stress

Front 80

______ occurs When An Imbalance Is Perceived Between Demand And Ability To Meet Demand

Back 80

stress

Front 81

when stress lasts too long we enter the third step of General Adaptation Syndrome:

Back 81

exhaustion

Front 82

General Adaptation Syndrome: the response to immediate danger or threat:

Back 82

alarm

Front 83

General Adaptation Syndrome: With continuing stress, we seem to pass into a stage of ______, in which we mobilize various coping mechanisms to respond to the stress.

Back 83

resistance

Front 84

Psychosocial Factors in Specific Illnesses (2)

Back 84

AIDS
Cardiovascular disease

Front 85

Behavior maintained/stopped by its consequences

Back 85

Operant Control of Pain Behaviors

Front 86

Pain behavior where reinforcement is more likely to happen is called:

Back 86

Operant Control of Pain Behaviors

Front 87

Headache and Chronic Pain Syndromes

(4)

Back 87

o Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
o Fibromyalgia
o Gastrointestinal Pain conditions
o Migraine, Tension Headaches, etc.

Front 88

What is the diagnoses of 4 or more symptoms:
• Subjective memory impairment
• Sore throat
• Tender lymph nodes
• Muscle Pain
• Joint Pain
• Headache
• Unrefreshing Sleep
• Postexertional malaise lasting more than 24 hours

Back 88

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Front 89

_________: process of making patients aware of specific physiological functions and developing some control over those functions

Back 89

Biofeedback

Front 90

These disorders involve alterations or detachments in consciousness or identity

Back 90

Dissociative disorders

Front 91

Dissociative disorders

Is likely a continuum of severity:

________: loss of your sense of yourself
________: loss of the sense of world

Back 91

Depersonalization
Derealization

Front 92

Outside Observer of Self

Back 92

Depersonalization disorder

Front 93

____________: process requires a person to distinguish internal thoughts and feelings with external world

Back 93

Reality testing

Front 94

Sudden inability to recall personal information

Back 94

Dissociative Amnesia

Front 95

________ amnesia
Most common
lose all memory of a certain period of time

Back 95

Localized

Front 96

(4) types of Dissociative Amnesia:

Back 96

Localized amnesia
Selective amnesia
Generalized amnesia
Continuous amnesia

Front 97

_____ amnesia
Second most common
Remember some details but not all of that certain period of time

Back 97

Selective

Front 98

______ amnesia
General loss of memory
Sometimes can’t remember who you are

Back 98

Generalized

(2) types:
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia

Front 99

_____ amnesia
You remember the past but you can’t form new memories

Back 99

Anterograde

Front 100

______ amnesia
Can’t remember anything before the event but can form new memories

Back 100

Retrograde

Front 101

______ amnesia
Can’t retain new memories
Similar to anterograde amnesia

Back 101

Continuous

Front 102

Dissociative Fugue

Most do not involve new ______

Back 102

identity

Front 103

Dissociative Trance Disorder
(2) types

Back 103

Trance
Possession trance

Front 104

__________: Trance characterized by replacement of identity

Back 104

Possession Trance

Front 105

Zoning out to a very severe point with no awareness of your surroundings and disassociated with your behaviors

Back 105

Possession Trance

Front 106

Dissociative Amnesia, Fugue, & Trance
(2) Causes:

Back 106

severe psychological stress
mind protecting against the stress

Front 107

• Characteristic symptoms for what disorder?
o Severe headaches
o Depression
o Dizzy spells
o Black outs
o Hallucinations
o Transitions triggered by heightened stress

Back 107

Dissociative Identity Disorder: aka Multiple personality disorder

Front 108

Use disassociation as a defense against extreme trauma

Back 108

“autohypnotic” Model Theory

Front 109

(2) Treatments for DID

Back 109

Reintegration of personality
Exposure to early trauma

Front 110

DID

Psychotherapy to integrate the separate personalities is called:

Back 110

Reintegration of personality

Front 111

DID

Teaching coping skills by:

Back 111

Exposure to early trauma

Front 112

Somatization Disorder
• Involves extended history of physical complaints before the age of 30.
o __ pain symptoms
o __ gastrointestinal symptoms
o 1 sexual symptom
o 1 pseudoneurological symptom

Back 112

4
2

Front 113

______: Involves extended history of physical complaints before the age of 30

Back 113

Somatization Disorder

Front 114

Often seek and receive medical services from many physicians is associated with ________ disorder.

Back 114

Somatization Disorder

Front 115

(2) causes of Somatization Disorder;

Back 115

o Often witness illness or injury in their families
o Possible genetic link and association to APD

Front 116

Chronic panic for complete disregard for other: seeing others only as means to an end

Back 116

APD: Anti-social personality disorder

Front 117

Share a neurobiologically based disinhibition syndrome?
• Two systems that we have are biologically based: ____ and ____

Back 117

BIS and BAS

Front 118

___________:
constrain, restrain behaviors
display behavior that look like anxiety

Back 118

BIS (behavioral inhibition system)

Front 119

___________:
-approach behaviors (going for what we want)
-Lack of this show more inappropriate behaviors

Back 119

BAS (Behavior activation system)

Front 120

Weak Behavioral Inhibition System that doesn’t control the Behavior Activation System
Leads to_______, manipulations, “get it now”

Back 120

aggression behaviors

Front 121

Majority with Somatization disorder are _____. While majority with APD are ____.

Back 121

women
men

Front 122

Essential feature is a preoccupation with, fear of, or belief that one has a serious disease

Back 122

Hypochondriasis

Front 123

Often comorbid with panic disorder

Back 123

Hypochondriasis

Front 124

Fear that something really bad is going to happen and blowing it out of proportion.

Back 124

Anxiety sensitivity

Front 125

Hypochondriasis:
• Cause
Central to development of hypochondriasis is a _________.

Back 125

misinterpretation of body sensation.

Front 126

Hypochondriasis

Treatment: same treatment can be used as ________ disorder.

Back 126

Panic Disorder

which is:
Exposure to belief/fear triggers
Focus thought processes

Front 127

______:Refers to physical malfunctioning without organic pathology

Back 127

Conversion Disorder

Front 128

_________: weakness in the legs causing imbalance and falling down

Back 128

Astasia-abasia

Front 129

______ disorder:

o La belle indifference, triggered by stressful event, can function normally
Typically doesn’t show the level of stress when this happens

Back 129

Conversion Disorder

Front 130

_____ disorder: is doing it for gain

Back 130

Malingering

Front 131

_____ disorder: in the access of gaining

Back 131

Factitious

Front 132

_____gain: clearly benefiting from the physical problem

Back 132

Primary

Front 133

______ gain: Benefits that are indirect

Back 133

Secondary

Front 134

Conversion disorder:

Treatment
Similar to treatment for _____disorder

Back 134

somatization

Front 135

Faking without any obvious motivation

Back 135

Factitious Disorder

Front 136

May be related to OCD

Back 136

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Front 137

Treatment: SSRI’s and/or Exposure & Response Prevention

Back 137

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Front 138

Four Types of Dissociative Amnesia

Back 138

o Localized amnesia
o Selective amnesia
o Generalized amnesia
o Continuous amnesia

Front 139

characterized by anxiety or fear that one has a serious disease

Back 139

hypochondriasis