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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a sexual dysfunction disorder?
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Dysfunction in sexual response cycle
Desire, arousal, orgasms Pain associated with sex Most pervalent class of disorders in US |
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Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Female sexual interest/ arousal disorder |
Little or no interest in sexual activity
Decreased frequency Prevalence=25% and is greater in females |
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What is male erectile disorder?
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Difficulty achieving and maintaining an erection
Main reason men seek Tx |
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What is Female sexual interest/ arousal disorder?
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difficulty achieving and maintaining adequate lubercation
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What is Female orgasmic disorder/ male delayed ejaculation?
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They have adequate desire and arousal but unable to achieve orgasm
Most common in adult females |
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What is premature ejaculation and what causes it?
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It is before the man or parter wishes and is defined as less than 1 min after penetration
Common in younger, inexperienced males |
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What is a type of sexual pain disorder and its characteristics?
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Genito-pelvic pain/ penetration disorder and Vaginismus
Individual experiences pain during intercourse Must rule out medical reasons for pain |
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What is Vaginismus?
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Involuntary pelvic spasms in outer 3rd of vagina
Feelings of ripping, burning, or tearing |
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What is the biological etiology for sexual disorders?
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Physical disesase (diabetes)
Medical illness ( surgery for prostate cancer) Perscripition medication Alcohol and drugs |
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What is the social and psychological etiology for sexual disorders?
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Performance anxiety/ negative thoughts
Attitudes about sex Perceived gender roles Relationship distress |
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What are the psychological Tx for Ed?
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Sensate focus
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What is the psychological Tx for premature ejaculation?
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Squeeze techique
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What is the psychological Tx for female orgasm disorder?
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Masturbating training
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What are the characteristics of Gender Dysphoria?
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They have always felt trapped in the body of the wrong sex and begins to assume identity of the desired sex.
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What is the treatment for Gender Dysphoria?
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Sex-reassignment surgery is the treatment but they have to live for 1-2 years in opposite sex role and go through a pre-surgery assestment
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What are Paraphilic disorders?
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They have sexual urges, fantasies, and behaviors toward people and or objects that are socially inappropriate.
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What is an important characteristic for Paraphillic disorder?
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It must cause distress or harm to self or others. Otherwise its considered a non-disorder paraphilla
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What is Paraphillic disorders comorbid with?
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Anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders
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What is a Fetishtistic Disorder?
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A sexual attraction to nonliving objects such as rubber, hair, womens shoes or clothing.
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What is paratialism?
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Being attracted to a single part of the body ( such as hair)
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What is voyeurisitic disorder?
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Observing an unsuspecting individual undressing or naked. The risk of being caught is necessary for arousal.
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What is exhibitionistic disorder?
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Exposure of genitals to unsuspecting strangers
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What is transvestic disorder?
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Individual gets sexual arousal via cross dressing. They are usually married and spouse is aware of the behavior.
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What is Pedophillic disorder?
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Sexual attraction to young children; usually under age 13.
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How do Pedophilles rationalize their behavior?
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They did not force it, say they love the child, and practice compensatory behaviors
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What is sexual sadism?
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Inflicting pain or humiliation
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What is sexual masochism?
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Suffering pain or humiliation; often can lead to serious injury or death
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What is the treatment for paraphilias?
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Counter- conditioning to target deviant and inappropriate sexual assoscialtions
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What is covert sensitizations?
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It is a type of Tx for paraphilias where they imagine aversive stimuli
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What is orgasmic conditioning?
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It is a type of Tx for paraphilias where they masturbate and are shown appropriate stimuli.
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What are the positive symptoms of schizophernia?
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Active manifestations of psychosis
Obvious signs Distortions of normal behavior Exaggerations or excess 50-70% experience |
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What are hallucinations?
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Sensory experience in absence of environmental stimuli or input
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What is the most common Hallucination?
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Auditory
Own vs. other voice |
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What part of the brain does Auditory Hallucinations occur?
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Brocas area- appears they are hearing their own thoughts
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What are delusions?
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Gross misreprensentations of reality, disorder of thought content
Types include: Grandeur or persecution |
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What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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Absence or insufficiency of normal behavior
25% experience Symptom cluster: Apathy, alogia, anhedonia, and affective flattening |
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What are the disorganized symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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Erratic behavior that affect many domains
Inappropriate affect/ emotional expression Unusual, Catatonia |
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How does disorganized symptoms affect speech?
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Cognitive slippage
Tangentiality Loose associations/ derailment |
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What is the neurobiological etiology of Schizophrenia? (Current Theories)
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Striatial D2 Receptors (excess)
Prefrontal D1 Receptors (deficit) Glutamate neurotransmission in various parts of the brain now being studied |
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What is the Dopamine Hypothesis?
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Agonists- increase schizophrenia like behaviors
Antagonists- reduce " " Drug effects- neruleptics, L-dopa, and Amphetamines |
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What is the sociocultural etiology of schizophrenia?
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Stress which activates vulnerability and also increases relapse rate
Family interactions such as high expressed motions, criticism, hostility, and intrusive to emotional over-involment |
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What is the pharmaceutical treatment for schizophrenia?
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Antipsychotics
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What are the side effects of antipsychotics?
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Aukinesia and Tardive
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What is Aukinesia?
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Expressionless face, slow motor activity, monotone speech
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What is Tardive Dyskinesia?
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Involuntary movements of tongue, face, mouth, or jaw
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What is the psychological Tx for schizophrenia?
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Behavioral (Token economies)
Behavioral family therapy Vocal rehabilitation Community care programs |
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What are the characteristics of personality disorders?
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Emerge early and last long; Chronic
Inflexible and maladaptive Ego-syntonic instead of ego-dystonic |
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What are the characteristics of cluster A PD:
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Odd or eccentric
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What are the characteristics of cluster B PD:
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Dramatic, emotional, erratic
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What are the characteristics of cluster C PD:
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Fearful or anxious
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What are the characteristics of Paranoid PD?
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Mistrust and suspicion that is pervasive and unjustified
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What are the characteristics of Schizoid PD?
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Appear to neither enjoy or desire relationship
Limited range of emotions Appear unaffected by praise or criticism |
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What are the characteristics of Schizotypal PD?
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Psychotic-like symptoms
Ideas of reference Illusions Socially isolated not by choice |
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What are the characteristics of Avoidant PD?
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Extreme sensitivity to opinions
Avoid most relationships Fearful of rejection Similar to social phobia |
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What are the characteristics of Dependent PD?
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Rely on others to make choices
Unreasonable fear of abandonment clingy Submissive Passive Sensitivity to criticism |
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What are the characteristics of Obsessive- Compulsive PD?
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Fixation on doing things the right way
rigid perfectionist orderly preoccupation with details |
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What are the characteristics of Borderline PD?
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Patterns of instability
Impulsivity Self-mutilation Suicdial gestures |
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What is the etiology of borderline PD?
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Biological predisposition interacting with childhood environment that punishes emotional expression
Early childhood experience: Neglect, Trauma, Abuse |
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What is the Tx for borderline PD?
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Mood stabilizers can be helpful
Dialectical Behavior Therapy |
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What is Dialectical Behavior Therapy?
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Strong skills component (Individual and group Tx)
Reduce interfering behaviors (Self-harm, Tx interference, Quality of life issues) |
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What are the characteristics of Antisocial PD?
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Noncompliance with social norms
lack a conscience, empathy, and remorse social predators |
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What is the etiology of Antisocial PD?
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Conduct disorder in childhood
families history of inconsistent parental discipline and support along with criminality and violence Arousal Hypothesis |
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What is the Arousal Hypothesis?
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They are underaroused and fearless
Low behavioral inhibiton system and high reward system |
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What are the Ethics is psychology?
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Therapy content confidential
Multiple roles No sudden terminations without referral No forced Tx DO NOT HAVE SEX WITH CLIENT |
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What is the duty to warn?
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Professional responsibility to inform those in danger
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What case established Duty to Warn?
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Tarasoff vs. Regents of the University of California
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What is the civil commitment criteria?
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Mentally ill and needs Tx
Dangerous to self or others Gravely disabled |
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What is Parens Patriae?
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State acts as surrogate parent to those that meet civil commitment criteria
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What is the initial stages of the civil commitment process?
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Person fails to seek Tx
Others feel help is needed Petition is made to a judge Individual is notified |
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What are the subsequent stages of the civil commitment process?
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Involves normal legal proceedings
Judge makes determination |
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What is the insanity defense plea?
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A legal statment or definition
Must be considered insane at time of crime and a diagnosis of a disorder does not equal insanity |
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What is the prevalence of the insanity defense plea?
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About 1% of all cases try itAbou 1/4 of that succeedTime in mental institutions > time in jail
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