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21 Cards in this Set

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  • Back


Empiricism


The process of learning things through direct observation or experience, and reflection on those experiences.


Belief perseverance


Motivated by a desire to be certain about one's knowledge, it is a tendency to hold on doggedly to a belief, even in the face of evidence that would convince most people the belief is false.

Confirmation bias


A tendency to search out and pay special attention to information that supports one's beliefs, while ignoring information that contradicts a belief.

Availability heuristic

A social cognition bias where we experience unusual or very memorable events and then overestimate how often such events typically occur.

Determinism

Means that events, including psychological ones, have causes.

Determinism

Means that events, including psychological ones, have causes.

Discoverability

Means that by using agreed-upon scientific methods, the causes (determinism) can be discovered with some degree of confidence.

Statistical determinsim

Argues that events can be predicted, but only with a probability greater than chance.

Statistical determinsim

Argues that events can be predicted, but only with a probability greater than chance.

Objectivity

Can be verified by more than one observer. Aspiring to eliminate such human factors as expectation and bias.

Introspection

Participants in an experiment would perform some task and then provide a detailed description of their conscious experience of the task.

Introspection

Participants in an experiment would perform some task and then provide a detailed description of their conscious experience of the task.

Data-driven

Research psychologists expect conclusions about behavior to be supported by evidence gathered through a systematic procedure.

Empirical questions

Are those that can be answered through the systematic observations and techniques that characterize scientific methodology.

Pseudoscience

Any field of inquiry that appears to use scientific methods and tries hard to give that impression, but is actually based on inadequate, unscientific methods and makes claims that are generally false, or at best, simplistic.

Anecdotal evidence

Specific instances that seem to provide evidence for some phenomenon.

Anecdotal evidence

Specific instances that seem to provide evidence for some phenomenon.

Effort justification

The idea that after people expend significant effort, they feel compelled to convince themselves the effort was worthwhile.

Anecdotal evidence

Specific instances that seem to provide evidence for some phenomenon.

Effort justification

The idea that after people expend significant effort, they feel compelled to convince themselves the effort was worthwhile.

Explanation

To explain a behavior is to know what caused it.