Physiology Of Sport And Exercise 5Th Edition: Chapter 12

Front 1

acclimation

Back 1

Physiological adaptations to repeated environmental stresses occuring over a relatively breif period of time.

Front 2

acclimatitzation

Back 2

physiological adaptations to repeated environmental stress in a natural environment occurring over months and years of living and exercising in that environment.

Front 3

cold habituation

Back 3

a response to repeated cold exposure often to the hands and face in which skin vasoconstrictor and shivering responses are blunted.

Front 4

conduction

Back 4

transfer of heat through direct molecular contact with a solid object. movement of an electrical impulse such as through a neuron.

Front 5

convection

Back 5

the transfer of heart or cold via the movement of a gas or liquid across an object such as the body.

Front 6

critical temperature theory

Back 6

theory that prolonged exercise in hot environments is limited by attainment of a fixed elevated core temperature.

Front 7

dry heat exchange

Back 7

heat transfer by the combined avenues of convection conduction and radiation.

Front 8

eccrine sweat glands

Back 8

simple sweat glands dispersed over the body surface that respond to increases in core or skin temperature and facilitate thermoregulation.

Front 9

evaporation

Back 9

heat loss through the conversion of water such as sweat to vapor.

Front 10

frostbite

Back 10

tissue damage that occurs during cold exposure because circulation to the skin decreases in an attempt to retain body heat to the point that the tissue receives insufficient oxygen and nutrients.

Front 11

heat cramps

Back 11

cramping of the skeletal muscles as a result of excessive dehydration and the associated salt loss.

Front 12

heat exhaustion

Back 12

a heat disorder resulting from an inability of the cardiovascular system to meet all the body's tissues needs while also shifting blood to the periphery for cooling characterized by elevated body temperature breathlessness extreme tiredness dizziness and rapid pulse.

Front 13

heatstroke

Back 13

the most serious heat disorder resulting from failure of the body's thermoregulatory mechanisms.

Front 14

hypothermia

Back 14

low body temperature and temperature below the given person's normal temperature.

Front 15

insulation

Back 15

resistance to dry heat loss

Front 16

insulative acclimation

Back 16

a pattern of cold acclimation in which enhanced skin vascoonstriction increases peripheral insulation and minimizes heat loss.

Front 17

metabolic acclimation

Back 17

a pattern of cold acclimation involving increased metabolic heat production through enhanced nonshivering and shivering thermogenesis.

Front 18

nonshivering termogenesis

Back 18

the stimulation of metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system to generate more metabolic heat.

Front 19

preoptic anterior hypothalamus

Back 19

the area of the midbrain that is the primary controller of thermoregulatory function.

Front 20

radiation

Back 20

the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

Front 21

shivering

Back 21

a rapid involuntary cycle of contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles that generates heat.

Front 22

thermal stress

Back 22

stress imposed on the body by external temperature.

Front 23

thermoreceptors

Back 23

scensory receptors that detect changes in the body temperature and external temperature and relay this information to the hypothalamus.

Front 24

wet-bulb globe temperature

Back 24

a measurement of temperature that simultaneously accounts for conduction convection evaporation and radiation providing a single temperature reading to estimate the cooling capacity of the surrounding environment.

Front 25

windchill

Back 25

a chill factor created by the increase in the rate of heat loss via convection and conduction caused by wind.