Physiology Of Sport And Exercise 5Th Edition: Chapter 2

Front 1

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Back 1

When in the presence of oxygen the pyruvic acid is converted into a compound.

Front 2

Activation Energy

Back 2

Required to begin the reaction.

Front 3

Adenosine Diphosphate ADP

Back 3

What ATP gets reduced to.

Front 4

Aerobic Metabolism

Back 4

The third system the requires oxygen.

Front 5

Anaerobic Metabolism

Back 5

Two systems that can occur in the absence of oxygen.

Front 6

ATP-CR System

Back 6

The simplest of the energy systems.

Front 7

Bioenergetics

Back 7

The process of converting the substrates to energy that can be used by cells in the body.

Front 8

B-Oxidation

Back 8

The process of FFAs being converted into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria to be used for energy production.

Front 9

Carbohydrate

Back 9

A substrate utilized during exercise that is ultimately converted to glucose.

Front 10

Catabolism

Back 10

Breakdown of chemical compounds.

Front 11

Creatine Kinase

Back 11

The release of energy from PCr is catalyzed by this enzyme.

Front 12

Cytochrome

Back 12

Iron-containing proteins contained in protein complexes.

Front 13

Electron Transport Chain

Back 13

A series of reactions coupled to the Krebs cycle.

Front 14

Enzyme

Back 14

Protein molecules control the rate of free-energy release.

Front 15

Free Fatty Acids

Back 15

Basic components of fat along with glycerol used to form ATP.

Front 16

Gluconeogenesis

Back 16

The process by which protein or fat is converted into glucose.

Front 17

Glucose

Back 17

a simple six-carbon sugar. (Monosaccharide).

Front 18

Glycogen

Back 18

A more complex polysaccharide (multiple linked sugar molecules) storied in the cytoplasm of muscle cells until those cells us it to form ATP.

Front 19

Glycogenolysis

Back 19

The process of the glycogen being broken down to glucose-1 phosphatem which enters the glycolsis pathway.

Front 20

Glycolysis

Back 20

The breakdown of glucose through a pathway that involves a sequence of glycolytic enzymes.

Front 21

Kilocalories

Back 21

The way energy in humans is expressed.

Front 22

Krebs Cycle

Back 22

AKA citric acid cycle or tricyclic acid cycle. A complex series of chemical reactions that permit the complete oxidative of acetyl CoA.

Front 23

Lipogenesis

Back 23

The process of converting protein into fatty acids.

Front 24

Lipolysis

Back 24

The process of a triglyceride being broken down to its basic units.

Front 25

Metabolism

Back 25

All chemical reactions in the body collectively.

Front 26

Mitochondria

Back 26

Special cell organelles.

Front 27

Negative Feeback

Back 27

The activity of a rate-limiting enzyme is determined by the accumulation of substances farther down the pathway that decrease enzyme activity through negative feedback.

Front 28

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Back 28

ATP producing reactions with the aid of oxygen.

Front 29

Oxidative System

Back 29

The final system of cellular energy production.

Front 30

Phosphocreatine (PCr)

Back 30

A high energy phosphate molecule.

Front 31

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Back 31

The rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway.

Front 32

Phosphorylation

Back 32

A process to generate ATP a phosphate group is added to the relatively low-energy compound, ADP.

Front 33

Rate-Limiting Enzyme

Back 33

The enzyme usually located in an early step in the pathway.

Front 34

Substrate

Back 34

The energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Front 35

Triglycerides

Back 35

The complex form of fat.