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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal Capsule |
outer layer of kidney that holds it in place
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cortex
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outer region of kidney
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medulla
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outer and inner medulla
contains regions of the nephron separated into lobes called pyramids (just anatomical features, also called lobes) |
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hilum |
pit where blood vessels come in and out located in central kidney |
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What are the next two major parts where urine passes? |
minor and major calyxes, into renal pelvis to ureter
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Nephron - glomerulus |
the end of an afferent arteriole and gives lead to an efferent arteriole glom. capillaries filter about 20% of total plasma entering nephron, then exits to go to either peritubular capillaries or vasa recta |
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loop of henle |
includes the proximal straight tubule |
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Renal corpusal |
contains glomerulus and Bowman's capsule (which is the beginning of the nephron) |
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proximal tubule |
connects bowman's to loop of henle? |
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Superficial Nephron |
a nephron whose proximal convoluted tubule is in the outer part of the renal cortex and whose loop of Henle goes only a short way into the renal medulla. |
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Mid-cortical Nephron |
largeamount of peritubular are used for reabsorp for solutes and water in kidney |
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Juxtamedullary Nephron |
closeto medullary line (juxta = “close to”), have very long loop of henle (Which goes to inner medulla), loopis wrapped with vasa recta capbed, main job is to concentrate urine |
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Distal Tubule |
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Cortical Collecting Duct |
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Medullary Collecting Duct |
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filters about 20% of total plasma entering nephron, then exits |
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Peritubular capillaries |
blood supply to tubular cells |
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Vasa Recta |
blood supply to loops of juxtamedullary nephrons |
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afferent arteriole |
also called resistant vessels |
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efferent arteriole |
becomes peritubular capillaries that surround proximal tubule efferent arteriole downregulates P heading into P cap. to help with reabsorption/resistance P and R drops as blood leaves glomerulus so flow decreases |
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Peritubular capillaries |
absorption and can modify how much filtration we get from kidney |
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Renal Circulation |
indirectly determines GFR Modifyproximal tubule absorption Functionsin the concentration of urine O2and CO2exchange by the cells of the nephron Deliverssubstances to be secreted |
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Flow of Renal Artery Equation |
Q = (Renal artery P - Renal vein P) / Renal Vasc Resistance |
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Kidney Functions (7) |
1.Excretion of foreign substances, chemicals, metabolicwaste, drugs and metabolites●2.Regulation of water and electrolytes – balance●3.Arterial blood pressure regulation●4.Acid-Base Balance●5.Regulate erythrocyte production (erythropoietin): nedocrine●6.Vitamin D regulation●7.Gluconeogenesis: can happen in extreme hunger |
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Excretion is equal to what? |
excretion = how much filtered - reabsorbed + secreted E = F - R + S |
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How do filtered materials we don't need get filtered? |
all gets excreted epithelial cell secretes it into tubule |
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What is an example of a substance we completely reabsorb after filtration? |
glucose |
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Clearance |
The volume of plasma form which a substance is completelyremoved per unit time to completely remove sub X - excretion rate:plasma conc of a solute |
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What 3 aspects do we need to know for clearance equation? |
1. Plasma conc. (Px) 2. urine conc. (Ux) 3. urine flow rate (V) |
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Clearance equation: |
Cx= Ux*V/Px tells you that if you had X amount of plasma, you would clear Y ml amount of plasma per solute Z |
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Clearance can be used to determine GFR |
creatinine and inulin are always filtered and then excreted, no secretion or reabsorption, so filtration rate equals clearance rate - C inulin (GFR) = Ux * V/P inulin |
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Filtered Inulin *can also be used to another solute |
P inulin X GFR |
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Excreted Inulin *can also be used for another solute |
U inulin X V |
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Clearance Ratio |
?? |
