Nutrition Final Exam Review

Front 1

Back in the day (hundreds of years) diabetes was treated with?

Back 1

blood leading, when they would reduce blood. Also, they would starve the people causing many deaths of starvation and increased blood sugars leading to increased weight loss.

Front 2

Exchange lists

Back 2

same basic principles even after being updated. 1 starch exchange = 15 gram of carb. (fruit) = 80 calories?

Front 3

Dieticians will have individualized what?

Back 3

diets for different people and suggest a diabetes education class for learning about testing and dieting etc.

Front 4

Type 1 diabetes

Back 4

pancreatic cells

Front 5

People with diabetes go to the doctors

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every 3 months to stay on track

Front 6

Glucose fasting tests must

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have 8 hours with out any food, 12 hours for trygliceride -testing

Front 7

best time for a person with diabetes to exercise is

Back 7

30-60 minutes after eating

Front 8

Gyclocerated hemoglobin (or something similar)

Back 8

have blood work done, accumulative of all blood sugar averages to adjust medication

Front 9

Pregnant women with gestational diabetes

Back 9

need to monitor their blood glucose

Front 10

Macro Sonia

Back 10

baby growing to large : big concern with gestational diabetes

Front 11

Differences between gestational diabetes and reg

Back 11

gestational is during pregnancy and goes away once baby is born. Test is done after 20 week

Front 12

When dealing with patients who have diabetes

Back 12

diet is the most difficult part of controlling this disease

Front 13

Nurse is important because

Back 13

they have to determine if the problem is based on lack of knowledge or lack of motivation

Front 14

carbohydrate counting system

Back 14

most people who have insulin pumps follow this plan.
Advantages: gives more food choices, helps patent feel better, improves blood
glucose levels
Disadvantages: must keep lots of records, more blood glucose checks, llots of
Calculations

Front 15

Patient

Back 15

different focus than well person

Front 16

durable power of attorney

Back 16

legal document which one competent adult can authorize decisions for another competent adult when they are not capable themselves

Front 17

5 steps of nutritional care process

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assesment, analysis, planning, implement, evaluate

Front 18

BMI

Back 18

body mass index

Front 19

physician

Back 19

primary care of patient

Front 20

if mother doesnt gain enough weight

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then baby is suspectable to intrauterine growth retardation

Front 21

gain how much during preg.?

Back 21

25-35 pounds

Front 22

after 1st trimester...

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ass 300 cal.day to diet

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folate is important because

Back 23

linked to neurotube dfects. 400 micrograms/day before pregnancy

Front 24

fetal alcohol syndrome

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affects cognitive and behavior functions, children dont grow properly, large base, small head

Front 25

no smoking

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low birth weight, SIDS, prematurity

Front 26

cravings for nonfood substances

Back 26

pipa

Front 27

breast feed for how long

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1 year

Front 28

breast milk is superios to bottle because of?

Back 28

immunological protection and made for baby digestive system..

Front 29

Premature babies

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low birth weight, increased risk for respitory problems, babies have not been able to benefit from mom as long so inadequate bone calcification

Front 30

first cereal to babies

Back 30

rice

Front 31

babies first food items?

Back 31

plain not mixtures to help detect allergies

Front 32

bottles in bed?

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none until 6 months, only wate from 6 months-1 year to prevent baby bottle tooth decay

Front 33

tak bottle away

Back 33

gradually

Front 34

limit juice/milk intake...

Back 34

because it can replace iron rich foods and can promote anemia in children (low hemoglobin), also affecting childs ability to learn

Front 35

Pregnant women and children can become constipated with to much iron

Back 35

take in prune juice and prunes

Front 36

milk until age 2?

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WHOLE MILK! Brain and nervous system need it

Front 37

if 2 successive trips to the doctor show growth is going down

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child maybe experiencing "failure to thrive"

Front 38

once child is ready for school

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teach child nutrition information to make better choices when not at home

Front 39

child age 7-12

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increased needs for protein, calcium, iron, zinc

Front 40

rda’s are supposed to provide 1/3 needed amount at?

Back 40

school

Front 41

choking can be a problem for children under age 4

Back 41

Don’t run around while eating, or with foods that have sticks, hot dogs, peanut butter, grapes, raw carrots / celery, popcorn, nuts

Front 42

lead can be found in

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soil and imported toy jewelry, and spices or home remedies

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lead dust can be carried

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home from work on clothes

Front 44

teenage years

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back to eating pattern of eating every 2 hours, teen will wake up to eat

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- person who is 80 and older

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encourage exercise and stregth training to improve muscle tone and stamina

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- make gradual change so lifestyle to include

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exercise in time management

Front 47

- food stamp program now uses

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electronic transfer cards

Front 48

- meals on wheels

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provides meals to adults who are 60 years or older

Front 49

- food bank (emergency food pantry)

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bag of donated foods

Front 50

- Emergency is

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something that is not routine

Front 51

- soup kitchen

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offers free meals to homeless people

Front 52

Endometrium

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mucous membrane of the uterus

Front 53

Hemodilution

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dilution of the blood

Front 54

Small for gesational age (sga)

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having a lower birth weight than expected for the length of gestation

Front 55

Low birth weight

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weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth

Front 56

Teratogen

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an agent capable of producing a malformation or a defect in the unborn fetus

Front 57

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

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a sudden rise in arterial blood pressure accompanied by rapid weight gain and marked edema during pregnancy; formerly known as taxemia of pregnancy

Front 58

Gestational Diabetes mellitus

Back 58

a form of diabetes occurring during pregnancy, most commonly after the 20th week

Front 59

Hypermesis gravidarum

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severe and unrelenting vomiting in the second trimester or vomiting that severely interferes with the mother’s life; a serious condition usually requiring intravenous replacement of nutrients and fluids

Front 60

Oxytocin

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a hormone that initiates uterine contractions of labor and has a role in the ejection of milk in lactation

Front 61

Prolactin

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a hormone responsible for milk synthesis

Front 62

Colostrum

Back 62

the fluid secreted from the breast during late pregnancy and the first few days postpartum

Front 63

Galactosemia

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an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in an inability to metabolize

Front 64

Feeding relationship

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the interactions or patterns of behaviors that surround food preparation and consumption within a family

Front 65

Asthma

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a chronic respatory disorder characterized by air obstruction from excessive mucus production and respiratory mucosa edema

Front 66

Food Allergy

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the overreaction to a food protein or other large molecule that produces an immune response

Front 67

Anaphylaxis

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a severe immune system response to an allergen

Front 68

Food tolerance

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an adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system

Front 69

Medical nutritional therapy

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the use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness injury, or condition

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Senescence

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older adulthood

Front 71

Nocturia

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excessive urination at night

Front 72

Menopause

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the end of menstruation because of the cessation of ovarian and follicular function

Front 73

Premenopause

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the time before menopause during which hormonal, biologic, and clinical charges begin to occur

Front 74

Nutritional risk

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the potential to become malnourished because of primary or secondary factors

Front 75

Medical nutrition therapy

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definition may be dictated by state laws that license registered dieticians but typically this involves provision of nutrient, dietary, and nutrition education needs by RDs based on a comprehensive nutritional assessment

Front 76

Iatrogenic

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inadvertently caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures

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Hypermetabolic

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elevated metabolic rate

Front 78

Diagnostic related groups

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classifications used to determines Medicare payments for inpatient care, based on primary and secondary diagnosis, primary and secondary procedures, age, and length of hospitalization

Front 79

Comprehensive nutritional assessment

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a procedure conducted by dietetic professionals to determine appropriate medical nutrition therapy based on the identified needs of the patient

Front 80

Recumbent measures

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measurements taken while the subject is lying down or reclining

Front 81

Body mass index

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a measure that describes relative weight for height and is significantly correlated with total body fat content

Front 82

Visceral protein

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protein contained in the internal organ

Front 83

Somatic protein stores

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proteins in skeletal muscle

Front 84

Nutritional support

Back 84

although commonly used in reference to enteral and parenteral nutrition delivery systems

Front 85

Diet manual

Back 85

the reference that describes the rationale and indications for using a specific

Front 86

diet colonoscopic examination

Back 86

examination of the mucosal lining of the colon using a colonscope

Front 87

Barium enema

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rectal infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium to diagnose obstruction, tumors, or other abnormalities

Front 88

Paralytic ileys

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decrease in or absence of intestinal peristalsis

Front 89

Dysphagia

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the inability t swallow normally or freely or to transfer liquid or solid foods from the oral cavity to the stomach

Front 90

Component pureeing

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each food item is pureed separately, then presented in a manner that resembles the orginal product.

Front 91

Edentulous

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toothless

Front 92

Enteral nutrition

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administration of nourishment via the GI tract

Front 93

Osmolality

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concentration of electrically charged particles per kilogram of solution

Front 94

Polymeric formulas

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solutions that provide intact nutrients that require a normally functioning GI tract

Front 95

Isptonic

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having the same concentration of solute as another solution

Front 96

Hypertonic

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having a greater concentration of solute than another solution

Front 97

Hypercaloric

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more than one kcalorie per ml

Front 98

Elemental formulas

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solutions that provide ready-to-absorb basic nutrients

Front 99

Percutaneous endoscopic placement PEG

Back 99

placing feeding tube into stomach via that esophagus and then drawing it through the abdominal skin using a stab incision

Front 100

Osmotic diarrhea

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diarrhea associated water retention in large intestine resulting from an accumulation of nonabsorbable water-soluble solutes

Front 101

Parenteral Nutrition

Back 101

administration of nutrients by a route other than the GI tract

Front 102

Intensive therapy

Back 102

consists of administration of insulin more than 3x daily with dosage adjusted according to results of self-monitoring of blood glucose performed at least four times daily

Front 103

Conventional therapy

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- consists of one of two daily injections of insulin, daily self monitoring of urine or blood glucose, and education about diet or exercise

Front 104

Polyphagia

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excessive hunger or eating

Front 105

Polyuria

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excessive urination

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Polydipsia

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excessive thirst

Front 107

Fasting blood glucose

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- level of blood circulating inj blood serum after an 8 hour fast

Front 108

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Back 108

a substance formed when hemoglobin combines with some of the glucose in the bloodstream

Front 109

Acanthosis nicricans

Back 109

hyper pigmentation and thickening of skin into velvety irregular folds in the neck and flexural areas