Life Science Final Exam Digestion & Nutrition Review

Front 1

Parts of the stomach

Back 1

Fundus

Body

Pyloris

Front 2

Rugae

Back 2

Wrinkles or folds

Expand stomach

Front 3

Carbohydrate digestion

Back 3

Breakdown of polysaccharides in carbs

Front 4

Fat digestion

Back 4

Breakdown of adipose tissue

Occurs in small intestine

Front 5

Intrinsic Factors

Back 5

Substance that allows vitamin B12 to be absorbed from foods

Front 6

Citric Acid Cycle

Back 6

Krebs cycle

Releases energy stored in glucose molecule

Front 7

Common bile duct

Back 7

Where hepatic duct & cystic duct meet

Front 8

Cystic duct

Back 8

How bile enters & leave gallbladder

Front 9

Urinary Tract

Back 9

Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra, urinary meatus

Front 10

Hepatic Duct

Back 10

Tube that carries bile out of liver

Front 11

Assimilation

Back 11

When food molecules enter the cell & undergo chemical changes

Front 12

Digestion

Back 12

Group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones

Facilitates absorption

Front 13

Absorption

Back 13

Movement of digested nutrients through GI mucosa & into internal environment

Front 14

Anabolism

Back 14

Cells making complex molecules from simpler compounds

Front 15

Catabolism

Back 15

Breakdown of food compounds into simpler compounds

Front 16

Nutrition

Back 16

Food, vitamins, & minerals that are ingested & assimilated into the body

Front 17

Micronutrients

Back 17

Nutrient needed by body in very small quantity

Vitamins & minerals

Front 18

Enzymes

Back 18

Functional protein that breaks down food

Front 19

Active transport

Back 19

Movement of a substance in & out of a living cell requiring the use of cellular energy

Front 20

Passive transport

Back 20

Substances move through cellular membrane with their own energy

Front 21

Monosaccharides

Back 21

Simple sugar

Building block of carbs

Front 22

Polysaccharides

Back 22

Complex sugar or starch

Front 23

Glycogen

Back 23

Energy reserve made & stored primarily in cells of liver

Front 24

Cholesterol

Back 24

Steroid lipid found in all body cell membranes

Front 25

Estrogen

Back 25

Hormone secreted by ovary

Front 26

Progesterone

Back 26

Hormone that stimulates secretion of uterine lining

Front 27

Appetite Center

Back 27

Cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus

Impulses cause Increase in Appetite

Front 28

Satiety Center

Back 28

Cluster of cells in the hypothalamus

Sends Impulses to Decrease Appetite

Front 29

3 parts of small intestine

Back 29

Duodenum

Jejenum

Ileum

Function: chemical digestion & absorption

Front 30

Sphincters of upper GI

Back 30

Upper Esophageal, Lower Esophageal, pyloric, Ileocecal

Front 31

Types of teeth

Back 31

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Front 32

1st deciduous teeth

Back 32

6 months - 30 months

Front 33

1st permanent teeth

Back 33

6-7 years old

Before all baby teeth are lost

Front 34

Number of teeth adult & baby

Back 34

Adult 32

Baby 20

Front 35

Bile

Back 35

Breaks down fat

Front 36

ATP & glucose molecules

Back 36

36 ATP in 1 glucose molecule

Front 37

Vitamin A

Back 37

Maintains epithelial tissue & produces visual pigments

Front 38

Vitamin B

Back 38

Helps convert food to fuel

Front 39

Vitamin D

Back 39

Helps in calcium absorption

Front 40

Vitamin E

Back 40

Protects body tissue from damage