Module 8-9

Front 1

Often linked between behaviorism and cognitive theory.

Back 1

Sign Learning Theory

Front 2

Learning involves beliefs and obtaining knowledge about the environment and then revealing that knowledge through purposeful and goal directed. (True or False)

Back 2

True

Front 3

Learning is acquired through meaningful _____________.

Back 3

Behavior

Front 4

Learning is always ______________ and ____________.

Back 4

Purposive and goal directed

Front 5

Famous experiments in rats concluded that organisms or individuals to be exact, learned the location and will select the shortest or easiest path to achieve goal.

Back 5

Cognitive maps

Front 6

Learning that remains or stays with the individual until needed.

Back 6

Latent learning

Front 7

Reinforcement is not essential for learning, although it provides an incentive for performance. (True or False)

Back 7

True

Front 8

Focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.

Back 8

Social learning theory

Front 9

Learning is mediated or influenced by expectations, perceptions, representation, needs, and other internal or environmental variables. (True or false)

Back 9

True

Front 10

People can learn by ____________ the behavior of the others and the outcomes of those behaviors.

Back 10

Observing

Front 11

Learning can occur without a _________ in behavior.

Back 11

Change

Front 12

Cognition plays a ________ in learning.

Back 12

Role

Front 13

Social learning theory can be considered a bridge or a ___________ between behaviorist learning theories and cognitive learning theories.

Back 13

Transition

Front 14

The observer is reinforced by the __________.

Back 14

Model

Front 15

The observer is reinforced by a third _________, the observer might be modelling the actions

Back 15

Person

Front 16

The imitated behavior itself leads to ________________ consequences.

Back 16

Reinforcing

Front 17

_______________ reinforcement is where the model reinforced for a response and then the observer shows an increase in that same response.

Back 17

Vicarious

Front 18

Contemporary theory proposes that both reinforcement and punishment have _________ ___________ on learning.

Back 18

Indirect effects

Front 19

Reinforcement and consequence influence the extent to which an individual exhibits a behavior that has been learned. (True or false)

Back 19

False, reinforcement and punishment

Front 20

The _______________ of reinforcement influences cognitive processes that promote learning.

Back 20

Expectation

Front 21

Edward Tolman makes a distinction between learning through observation and the actual imitation of what has been learned. (True or False)

Back 21

False, Albert Bandura

Front 22

Social learning theorists contend that ___________ is a critic factor in learning.

Back 22

Attention

Front 23

As a result of being reinforced, people form expectations about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to bring. Choose the correct answer.A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

As a result of being reinforced, people form expectations about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to bring. Choose the correct answer.A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

As a result of being reinforced, people form expectations about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to bring. Choose the correct answer.A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

As a result of being reinforced, people form expectations about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to bring. Choose the correct answer.A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

As a result of being reinforced, people form expectations about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to bring. Choose the correct answer.A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

As a result of being reinforced, people form expectations about the consequences that future behaviors are likely to bring. Choose the correct answer.A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

Back 23

B- expectations

Front 24

Bandura proposed that behavior can influene both the environment and the person. Choose the correct answer. A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

Bandura proposed that behavior can influene both the environment and the person. Choose the correct answer. A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

A. ModellingB. ExpectationsC. Reciprocal causation

Back 24

C- reciprocal causation

Front 25

Give the 3 variabes of reciprocal causation.

Back 25

Person, the behavior, and the environment

Front 26

Many behaviours can be learned, at least partly, through ____________.

Back 26

Modelling

Front 27

_______________ can be learned through models.

Back 27

Aggression

Front 28

Moral thinking and moral _____________ are influenced by observation and modeling.

Back 28

Behavior

Front 29

The person must pay __________ to the model.

Back 29

Attention

Front 30

The observer must be able to remember the behaviour that has been observed. What condition is this?

Back 30

Retention

Front 31

The third condition is the ability to replicate the behavior that the model has just demonstrated. What condition is this?

Back 31

Motor reproduction

Front 32

The final necessary ingredient for modelling to occur is ________________.

Back 32

Motivation

Front 33

Modeling teacher new behaviors. (True of false)

Back 33

True

Front 34

Modeling doesn't influence the frequency of previously learned behaviors. (True or false)

Back 34

False

Front 35

Modeling may discourage previously forbidden behaviour. (True or False)

Back 35

False

Front 36

Modeling increases the frequency of similar behaviours. (True or False)

Back 36

True

Front 37

Students often learn a great deal simply by observing other people. (True or False)

Back 37

True

Front 38

Teachers should expose students to a variety of other models. (True or False)

Back 38

True

Front 39

Teachers and parents should not model appropriate behaviors. True or false

Back 39

False

Front 40

An Ameican Psychologist and a psychology professor who founded who is now a branch of Psychology known as purposive behaviorism.

Back 40

Edward Tolman

Front 41

He is known for his social learning theory.

Back 41

Albert Bandura

Front 42

The word Gestalt is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been placed or _______________

A. Put together

B. Active together

C remove together

Back 42

A- Put together

Front 43

______________ was the initial cognitive response to behaviorism.

Back 43

Gestalt theory

Front 44

Learners were not passive but rather active. (True or false)

Back 44

True

Front 45

Elements that are closes together will be perceived as coherent object. What principle is this?

Back 45

Law of proximity

Front 46

Gestalt principles that fill the gaps or close the figures we perceive.

Back 46

Law of closure

Front 47

Individuals have tendencies to continue contours whenever the elements of the pattern establish an implied direction. What principle of Gestalt is this?

Back 47

Law of good continuation

Front 48

The stimulus will be organized into as good as figure as possible.

Back 48

Law of good pragnanz

Front 49

We tend to pay attention and perceive things in the foreground first.

Back 49

Law of figure/ground

Front 50

Gestalt psychology adheres to the idea of learning taking place by _____________ or insight.

Back 50

Discovery

Front 51

____________ include his own motivation, attitudes, and feelings.

Back 51

Inner forces

Front 52

_____________ may include the attitude and behavior of the teacher and classmates.

Back 52

Outer forces

Front 53

Kurt Lewin used the term ____________ to denote the totality of all the influences on a person at a given moment in time, both the outer environment and inner personal environment

Back 53

Life Space

Front 54

Who are the founders of Gestalt theory?

A. Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler

B. Wolfgang Kohler and Kurt Lewin

C. Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler

Back 54

C

Front 55

Factors like past experiences, needs, attitudes, and one's present situation cant affect their perception. True or false?

Back 55

False

Front 56

Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its part. True or false?

Back 56

True

Front 57

Autonomy and freedom of the student is stimulated by the psychologist. True or false

Back 57

False, teachers

Front 58

Gestalt principles focused on the experience of contact that occurs in the here and now. True or false?

Back 58

False, Gestalt Psychology

Front 59

Form and _________ are the usual translations that is often interpreted as pattern or configuration.

Back 59

Shape

Front 60

Experience is a source of learning. True or false?

Back 60

True