Educ 1203 (Module 8-9)

Front 1

Who said that, "In order to succeed people need a sense of self-efficacy to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life."

A. Bandura

B. Tolman

C. Mr. Espinosa

Back 1

A

Front 2

A transitional group bridging the gap of behaviorism and cognitive theories of learning.

A. Behaviorists

B. Neo-Behaviorists

C. Cognitivists

Back 2

B

Front 3

It involves beliefs and obtaining knowledge about the environment and then revealing that knowledge through purposeful and goal-directed behavior.

A. Learning is acquired through meaningful behavior

B. Learning is a cognitive process

C. Learning is always purposive and goal-directed

Back 3

B.

Front 4

This is where an organism learns by pursuing signs to a goal.

A. Learning is acquired through meaningful behavior

B. Learning is a cognitive process

C. Learning is always purposive and goal-directed

Back 4

A

Front 5

Individuals do more than merely respond to stimuli they act on beliefs attitudes changing conditions and they strive towards goal.

A. Learning is acquired through meaningful behavior

B. Learning is a cognitive process

C. Learning is always purposive and goal-directed

Back 5

C

Front 6

It is a famous experiment on rats concluded that organism or individual to be exact learn the location and will select the shortest path to achieve goal.

A. Latent learning

B. Concept of intervening variable

C. Cognitive maps

Back 6

C

Front 7

Is the learning that remains or stays with the individual until needed.

A. Latent learning

B. Concept of intervening variable

C. Cognitive maps

Back 7

A

Front 8

The variables that are not readily seen but serves as determinants of behavior.

A. Latent learning

B. Concept of intervening variable

C. Cognitive maps

Back 8

B

Front 9

This theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context.

A. Reinforcement theory

B. Social learning theory

C. Behaviorism theory

Back 9

B

Front 10

Who is considered as the leading proponent of the social learning theory?

A. Bandura

B. Tolman

C. Rizal

Back 10

A

Front 11

According to the general principles of social learning theory, this can occur without a change in behavior.

A. Modeling

B. Imitation

C. Learning

Back 11

C

Front 12

It is when the consequences of the models behavior, affects the observer's behavior vicariously.

A. Reinforcement

B. Vicarious reinforcement

C. Third hand reinforcement

Back 12

B

Front 13

What are the two variables that influence the extent to which an individual exhibits a behavior that has been learned?

A. Contemporary theory

B. Consequences

C. Reinforcement and punishment

Back 13

C

Front 14

What are the three variables that Bandura proposed, can have an influence on each other and is under the reciprocal causation?

A. School, government, youth

B. Person, behavior, environment

C. Person, society, government

Back 14

B

Front 15

A type of model that is an actual person demonstrating the behavior.

A. Live model

B. Aesthetic model

C. Symbolic model

Back 15

A

Front 16

True or False:

Sign learning theory is often linked between behaviorism and cognitive theory.

Back 16

True

Front 17

True or False:

There is no need for reinforcement in order to establish learning.

Back 17

True

Front 18

True or False:

The meaningful stimuli is often called "the sign."

Back 18

False (the significant)

Front 19

True or False:

The new stimulus is often called "the significant."

Back 19

False (the sign)

Front 20

True or False:

Going to school everyday is an example of latent learning.

Back 20

False (Cognitive Maps)

Front 21

True or False:

A two-year-old handling remote for the first time is an example of cognitive maps.

Back 21

False (latent learning)

Front 22

True or False:

An experiment on "rats - hunger" is an example of "reinforcement is not essential for learning."

Back 22

False (the concept of intervening variable)

Front 23

True or False:

Rats acquired knowledge of the way through maze in the absence of reinforcement is an example of cognitive maps.

Back 23

False (reinforcement not essential for learning)

Front 24

True or False:

People can learn by observing the behavior of others and the outcomes of those behaviors.

Back 24

True

Front 25

True or False:

Cognition plays a role in experimenting.

Back 25

False (plays a role in *learning*)

Front 26

True or False:

Tolman suggested that the environment also reinforces modeling.

Back 26

False (Bandura)

Front 27

True or False:

The observer is reinforced by a third person, they might be modeling the actions of someone else.

Back 27

True

Front 28

True or False:

The imitated behavior itself leads to reinforcing consequences.

Back 28

True

Front 29

True or False:

Many behaviors that we learn from others produce satisfying or reinforcing results.

Back 29

True

Front 30

True or False:

The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive processes that promote learning.

Back 30

True

Front 31

True or False:

Social learning theory has six cognitive factors.

Back 31

False (5 only)

Front 32

True or False:

Punishment increases a response only when the learner is aware of that connection.

Back 32

False (Reinforcement)

Front 33

True or False:

Social learning theorists contend that attention is a critical factor in learning.

Back 33

True

Front 34

True or False:

Bandura makes a distinction between learning through observation and the actual imitation of what has been learned.

Back 34

True

Front 35

True or False:

The two different type of models are live model and video model.

Back 35

False (live and symbolic)

Front 36

True or False:

A symbolic model can be a person or action portrayed in some other medium such as television video tape and computer programs.

Back 36

True

Front 37

True or False:

Progression can be learned through models.

Back 37

False (Aggression)

Front 38

True or False:

Research indicates that children become more aggressive when they observed aggressive or violent models.

Back 38

True

Front 39

True or False:

Many behaviors can be learned, at least partly, through modeling.

Back 39

True

Front 40

True or False:

Bandura mentions five conditions that are necessary before an individual can be successfully modeled the behavior of someone else.

Back 40

False (4 only)

Front 41

Identification:

The observer must be able to remember the behavior that has been observed.

Back 41

Retention

Front 42

Identification:

The third condition is the ability to replicate the behavior that the model has just demonstrated.

Back 42

Motor reproduction

Front 43

Identification:

This is the final necessary ingredient for modeling to occur.

Back 43

Motivation

Front 44

Identification:

This is the first condition necessary for effective modeling to occur.

Back 44

Attention

Front 45

Identification:

Influences the frequency of previously learned behaviors.

Back 45

Modeling

Front 46

Identification:

How many educational implications of social learning theory?

Back 46

5

Front 47

Identification:

They must model appropriate behaviors and take care that they do not model inappropriate behaviors.

Back 47

Teachers and parents

Front 48

Identification:

They should expose students to a variety of other models. This technique is especially important to break down traditional stereotypes.

Back 48

Teachers

Front 49

Identification:

It provides an alternative to shaping for teaching new behaviors, instead of using shaping which is operant conditioning.

Back 49

Modeling

Front 50

Identification:

It served as the foundation of the cognitive perspective of learning.

Back 50

Gestalt psychology

Front 51

Identification:

This word is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been "placed" or "put together."

Back 51

Gestalt

Front 52

Identification:

He was born in April 15, 1880 and the father of gestalt psychology.

Back 52

Max Wertheimer

Front 53

Identification:

He was born in Berlin, Germany and he is another founder of gestalt psychology.

Back 53

Kurt Koffka

Front 54

Identification:

He is a psychologist and phenomenologist that is born in January 21,1887.

Back 54

Wolfgang Kohler

Front 55

Identification:

Is the law of proximity states that when objects appear close to one another they tend to be perceived as a group.

Back 55

Law of proximity

Front 56

Identification:

It is the law that captures the idea that when we look at objects that are similar to each other we tend to group them together.

Back 56

Law of similarity

Front 57

Identification:

The law that captures the idea that when we see in complete elements in a visual, our brains tend to fill in the gaps and see it as a whole.

Back 57

Law of closure

Front 58

Identification:

The law that predicts the preference for continuous figures.

Back 58

Law of good continuation

Front 59

Identification:

This is the law that holds objects in the environment are seen in a way that makes them appear as simple as possible.

Back 59

Law of good pragnanz

Front 60

Identification:

This is a law that is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision.

Back 60

Law of figure/ground

Front 61

Identification:

This word is a German term meaning "good figure."

Back 61

Pragnanz

Front 62

Identification:

Often referred to as the law of simplicity.

Back 62

Law of good pragnanz

Front 63

Identification:

He first develop the idea of insight learning in which he describes experiments with apes where the apes could use boxes and sticks as tools to solve problems.

Back 63

Wolfgang Kohler

Front 64

Identification:

Who proposed the theory of life and space?

Back 64

Kurt Lewin

Front 65

Identification:

These forces include his own motivation, attitudes, and feelings.

Back 65

Inner forces

Front 66

Identification:

These forces may include the attitude and behavior of the teacher and classmates.

Back 66

Outer forces

Front 67

Identification:

Teachers should vary the tone of their voice, write boldly or underline the important keywords of the lesson, is an example of what law?

Back 67

Law of figure/ground

Front 68

Identification:

This is conceived as a continuous organization, rearrangement of information according to needs, purposes and meanings.

Back 68

Knowledge

Front 69

Identification:

Emphasis is very important aspects of this law.

Back 69

Law of figure/ground

Front 70

Fill in the blank:

____ and freedom of the student is stimulated by the teacher.

Back 70

Autonomy

Front 71

Fill in the blank:

Gestalt psychology adheres to the idea of learning taking place by ___ or insight.

Back 71

discovery

Front 72

Fill in the blank:

Our ____ quickly identify patterns faster than the separate parts of the pattern.

Back 72

brains

Front 73

Fill in the blank:

Learners were not passive but rather ____.

Back 73

active

Front 74

Fill in the blank:

Learners do not just ___ information as is but they actively process and restructure data in order to understand it.

Back 74

collect

Front 75

Enumeration:

3 founders of gestalt psychology

Back 75

Max Wertheimer

Wolfgang Kohler

Kurt Koffka

Front 76

Enumeration:

4 conditions necessary for effective modeling to occur

Back 76

Attention

Retention

Motor reproduction

Motivation