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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who coined the term magic bullet?
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Paul Ehrlich; something that would selectively find and destroy pathogens and not harm host.
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More than half our antibiotics are produced by a certain species of bacteria. What is it?
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Streptomyces
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Identify at least one reason why it is so difficult to target a pathogenic virus without damaging the host’s cells.
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At the cellular level, eukaryotic cells resemble the human cell (much more closely than the bacterial cell)
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Why are antibiotics with a very broad spectrum of activity not as useful as one might first think?
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They destroy many normal microbiota of the host.
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What cellular function is inhibited by tetracyclines?
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Protein Synthesis
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One of the most successful groups of antibiotics targets the synthesis of bacterial cell walls; why does the antibiotic not affect the mammalian cell?
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It is a structure of bacterial cells that is not shared with mammalian cells
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What phenomenon prompted the development of the first semisynthetic antibiotics, such as methicillin?
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Regular have a narrow spectrum and resistance penicillinases
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In what genus of bacteria do we find mycolic acids in the cell wall?
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Mycobacterium
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Why does erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, have a spectrum of activity limited largely to gram-positive bacteria even though its mode of action is similar to that of the broad-spectrum tetracyclines?
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It is unable to penetrate the cell walls of gram (-) bacilli
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Of the three drugs often found in over-the-counter antiseptic creams—polymyxin B, bacitracin, and neomycin—which has a mode of action most similar to that of penicillin?
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Bacitracin
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What group of antibiotics interferes with the DNA-replicating enzyme DNA gyrase?
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Quinolone
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Both humans and bacteria need the essential nutrient para-aminobenzoic acid; why, then, are only bacteria affected by sulfa drugs?
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Bacteria have to synthesize PABA, humans ingest it.
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