Micro1009- Chapter 10 Classifications Of Microorganisms

Front 1

Taxonomy

Back 1

The science of classification of all living forms

Front 2

Systematics

Back 2

Phylogeny

The study of evolutionary history of the organisms

Front 3

How are systematic relationships usually represented?

Back 3

Evolutionary trees

Front 4

Three domain system

Back 4

Proposed by Carl Woese in 1978

Groups organisms by looking at their genes for rRNA

Front 5

Why is rRNA the basis for the groupings within the three domain system

Back 5

Every living organisms has genes for rRNA

Front 6

What are the categorizations in the three domain system?

Back 6

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

Front 7

Bacterial and Archaeal Taxonomy mnemonic

Back 7

Did King Philip Come Over For Good Steak?

Front 8

Bacterial and Archaeal Taxonomy tree

Back 8

Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Strain

Front 9

Bacterial species

Back 9

A population of cells with similar characteristics

Front 10

What is the typical condition of a pure culture

Back 10

Clonal

Front 11

Bacterial strains

Back 11

Differences arise within a clonal colony, creating subgroups within species

Front 12

What is required to put different strains within the same species?

Back 12

70% DNA similarity

Front 13

What is an example of a harmful strain of a typically harmless species?

Back 13

E. coli is typically a member of the normal flora

E. coli O157:H7 causes serious disease in humans

Front 14

Books of the Bergey's Manual

Back 14

Bergery's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Front 15

Bergery's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Back 15

Taxonomic classification of the bacteria

Front 16

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Back 16

How to identify bacteria using biochemical tests

Front 17

Classifications of Eukaryotes

Back 17

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Animalia

Front 18

Kingdom Protista

Back 18

Catchall kingdom

Algae, Protozoa

Is being broken up into clades

Front 19

Kingdom Fungi

Back 19

Yeasts, molds, mushrooms

Front 20

Kingdom Plantae

Back 20

Plants

Green algae is being moved to this kingdom

Front 21

Kingdom Animalia

Back 21

Multicellular heterotrophic organisms

Front 22

Eukaryotic Species

Back 22

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

Front 23

Classification

Back 23

Placing organisms in groups of related species

Front 24

Identification

Back 24

Matching characteristics of an unknown organism to lists of known organisms

Front 25

Morphological characteristics

Back 25

Useful for identifying eukaryotes

Front 26

Differential staining

Back 26

Gram staining, acid fast staining, etc

Front 27

Biochemical tests

Back 27

Determines presence of bacterial enzymes

Front 28

Genetic testing

Back 28

Using DNA sequences to identify organisms

Front 29

Dichotomous key

Back 29

Used to narrow down the identity of the organism

Front 30

EnteroPluri Test

Back 30

Used to run several tests at once

Determines what enzyme the bacteria has and what sugars it can ferment

Front 31

Antigenic

Back 31

Applies to microorganisms

Capable of causing the body to produce antibodies

Front 32

How can antibodies be used to identify bacteria? What tests incorporate this?

Back 32

They only react with specific bacteria

Slide Agglutination Test

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Front 33

Before DNA technology, how were classifications achieved?

Back 33

Using biochemical testing

Front 34

How accurate is biochemical testing?

Back 34

Relatively accurate in identifying a member of the mictobial community

Does not determine evolutionary history or take into account microbes that cannot be cultured

Front 35

What does the examination of DNA sequences tell us?

Back 35

Evolutionary history

Identity

Classification of microbes that cannot be cultured

Front 36

DNA Fingerprinting

Back 36

The process of using enzymes to digest DNA into different sized pieces, then spreading the pieces out on a gel to make comparisons

Front 37

DNA Hybridization

Back 37

Mixes the DNA of 2 cells to determine how complimentary they are to each other by examining how much they bind

Front 38

DNA Chips

Back 38

"Microarrays"

- Composed of DNA probes

- A sample containing DNA from an unknown bacteria is florescently labeled and applied to the chip and scanned

- DNA binds to the probes that are specific to its species, which a computer can then read