Metabolism Of Microorganisms Chapter 6

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

all biochemical reactions taking place in an organism

Front 2

Anabolism

Back 2

builds larger organic compounds from simpler monomers

Front 3

Catabolism

Back 3

hydrolizes polymers into simpler molecules

Front 4

Endergonic Reaction
(end= "inner") (ergon= "work")

Back 4

anabolic reactions form bonds and requires energy.
This energy requireing prosess is ______________ ________________.

Front 5

Exergonic Reaction
(ex= outside of) (ergon= work)

Back 5

catabolic reactions break bonds, creating energy.
These energy producing processes are called ______________ ______________.

Front 6

enzymes

Back 6

proteins that increase the probability of chemical reactions

Front 7

Are enzymes reuseable?

Back 7

the same enzyme can catalyze the same reaction 100-1000 times each second

Front 8

Common characteristics of enzymes
(4)

Back 8

1. reusable
2. highly specific
3. have an active site
4. required in minute amounts

Front 9

Substrate

Back 9

reactant

Front 10

Many enzymes can be identified by their name, often ending in _______.

Back 10

ase

Front 11

Lysozyme

Back 11

protein enzyme found in human tears and saliva

Front 12

Cofactor

Back 12

small nonprotein substance

Front 13

When the nonprotein cofactor is a small organc molecule, it is referred to as a ____________.

Back 13

coenzyme

Front 14

What two factors can inhibit enzyme activity

Back 14

enviroment
metabolic pathway

Front 15

Feedback Inhibition

Back 15

if the first enzyme in the pathway is inhibited, then no product is available as input for the rest of the pathway

Front 16

noncompetative inhibition

Back 16

when the end product of any molecule binds to a non-active site on the enzyme, the shape of of the active site changes and it can no longer bind substrate

Front 17

competative inhibition

Back 17

if a molecule resembles that normal substrate, it binds reversibly to the active site , competing with the normal substrate for the active site.

Front 18

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Back 18

cellular "energy currency"

Front 19

Where is ATP formed,
bacterial and archaeal cells ______________
eukaryotes ________________

Back 19

cell membrane
mitochondria

Front 20

What fuels protein synthesis and carbohydrate breakdown?

Back 20

ATP

Front 21

ATP/ADP cycle

Back 21

the breaking of the high energy bond that ATP has
hydrolosis of ATP to ADP

Front 22

Mole of Glucose (180 g) contains about how many calories of energy?

Back 22

686,000 calories of energy

Front 23

cellular respirations

Back 23

the production of ATP by harvesting energy from exergonic metabolic pathways

Front 24

Aerobic Respiration

Back 24

when cells consume oxygen to produce ATP

Front 25

Anerobic Respiration

Back 25

when cells do not use oxygen to produce ATP

Front 26

What is an example of anerobic metabolism

Back 26

fermentation

Front 27

Photosynthesis

Back 27

process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy that is stored as a carbohydrate or other organic compound

Front 28

Oxygenic photosynthesis

Back 28

where oxygen gas is the byproduct of photosynthesis

Front 29

Autotroph
( auto= self) (troph= nourish)

Back 29

organisms that synthesise their own foods from simple carbon such as CO2

Front 30

Photoautotrophs

Back 30

autotrophs that use light as their energy source

example: cyanobacteria

Front 31

Chemoautotrophs

Back 31

autotrophs that use inorganic compounds as their energy source

Front 32

Heterotrophs
(hetero= other) (troph= nourish)

Back 32

organism that requires preformed organic matter for it's energy and carbon needs

Front 33

photoherterotroph

Back 33

use light as its energy source and preformed organic compounds such as fatty acids and alcohol as sources of carbon

Front 34

chemoheterotrophs

Back 34

use preformed organic compounds for both their energy ans carbon sources

Front 35

Saprobes

Back 35

chemoherterotrophic microorganisms that feed exclusively on dead organic matter