Mats Oral Board Rac 5 Part 4

Front 1

At what level shall an aircraft be established, prior to leaving an area covered by a VORSEC chart?

Back 1

Prior to leaving a sector an aircraft shall be established at or above the altitude appropriate to the next sector, and when leaving the area covered by one of these charts, aircraft shall be:

• established on an evaluated route at or above MSA or climbing above Enroute descent (Distance) steps for the route; or
• expected to be established under radar control en-route, and at or above an approved area MSA or 13 000 ft; or
• established under radar control and at or above the radar terrain map.

Front 2

Describe the separation for successive IFR departures where the tracks diverge after departure and the leading aircraft is slower than the following aircraft?

Back 2

A following aircraft may be cleared for take off provided that:

• Initial departure tracks diverge by 30° or more, and
• Visual or radar observation confirms that:

▪︎The leading aircraft has turned and is clear of and moving away from the proposed departure track of the following aircraft and adequate separation will exist; or

▪︎The leading aircraft is climbing straight ahead and has reached a point where adequate separation will exist with the following aircraft, and assurance exists that the controller will be able to visually observe the following aircraft turning away from this track. Confirmation shall be obtained that adequate separation will exist (eg DME reports, Tower radar observation, reports from leading aircraft); and

• The aircraft tracks will continue to diverge by 30° or more until some other form of separation exists, and
• Aircraft performance, including the radius of turn of the following aircraft, is taken into account when applying this separation; and
• Meteorological conditions, including wind direction and strength, are taken into account when applying this separation; and
• Where necessary, traffic information is passed to the following aircraft. Where the initial departure tracks are on the same side of the extended runway centreline, the turn made by the following aircraft must be less than that of the leading, and the following aircraft shall not be cleared for take off until the leading aircraft is seen to have passed and be clear of and moving away from the initial departure track of the following aircraft.

Front 3

Describe the separation for successive IFR departures where the tracks diverge after departure and the leading aircraft is the same or faster speed than the following aircraft?

Back 3

A following aircraft may be cleared for take off provided that:

• Initial departure tracks diverge by 30° or more; and
• Visual or radar observation confirms that:

▪︎The leading aircraft has turned to clear the proposed departure track of the following aircraft and adequate separation will exist; or

▪︎The leading aircraft has reached a point where adequate separation will exist with the following aircraft; and

• The aircraft tracks will continue to diverge by 30° or more until some other form of separation exists, and
• Aircraft performance, including the radius of turn of the following aircraft, is taken into account when applying this separation; and
• Meteorological conditions, including wind direction and strength, are taken into account when applying this separation; and
• Where necessary, traffic information is passed to the following aircraft.

Front 4

When separating IFR Arrivals from IFR Departures when do the departure, buffer and arrival areas exists?

Back 4

The arrival, buffer and departure areas do not exist until the arriving flight has acknowledged a clearance that contains the aircraft in the arrival area; e.g. a clearance for a visual approach with any necessary routing restrictions, or to join a DME arc, or to fly an RNAV approach.

Front 5

When is a departing aircraft deemed to set heading?

Back 5

An aircraft is deemed to be set heading when:

• for a VOR or NDB based departure it has passed over or abeam the navaid associated with the aerodrome and is moving away from the aerodrome to establish on an outbound track; or
• for an RNAV departure, the aircraft has established on the SID and is moving away from the aerodrome.

Front 6

With reference to departing aircraft vs an arriving aircraft, where the instrument approach involves a circling approach, how is the 3 minute separation calculated?

Back 6

Whenever an instrument approach involves a circling approach the 3 minute separation shall be applied to the estimate of the arriving aircraft for the first arrival at or abeam the aerodrome.

Front 7

When may a succeeding aircraft be cleared for an instrument approach with a preceding aircraft on initial, intermediate or final approach?

Back 7

A second aircraft shall not be cleared for an instrument approach until the preceding aircraft:

• Is in communication with and sighted by the aerodrome controller; and
• reasonable assurance exists that a normal landing can be accomplished; and
• the vertical spacing between aircraft shall never be less than the applicable vertical separation minima until visual separation can be applied; and
• separation can be maintained in the event of a missed approach; or
• Is on a visual approach and reasonable assurance exists that a normal landing can be accomplished, provided the vertical spacing between aircraft shall never be less than the applicable vertical separation minima or radar separation is maintained until visual separation can be applied;

Front 8

What is the lateral separation from a DME or VORTAC Arc?

Back 8

An aircraft is laterally separated from an aircraft established on a published DME/VORTAC arc when it is leaving the area and is:

• at least 10 DME beyond the arc distance using the same DME; or
• established on track outside a sector from 45 degrees beyond the radial through which the aircraft has passed to 45 degrees beyond the final approach track. Note: The non-arriving aircraft must be established on track prior to the arriving aircraft turning on to final approach.

Front 9

Describe the restrictions whe using entry into the aerodrome circuit for Protection of the Missed Approach?

Back 9

• Aircraft shall not be instructed to enter the aerodrome traffic circuit when:

▪︎circling is not authorised for the type of approach and category being flown by the aircraft; or

▪︎the aircraft is approach category D or DL; or

▪︎MET conditions such as fluctuating cloud base, severe turbulence, wind shear or strong cross winds are reported or broadcast on the ATIS; or

▪︎there is any cloud in the circuit area that could cause the pilot to lose sight of an identifiable part of the aerodrome; or

▪︎there is reason to believe that the pilot is not familiar with the aerodrome and its surrounding terrain; or

▪︎the pilot advises approach or aerodrome control at any time that they do not wish to carry out this procedure.

• Aircraft shall not be instructed to orbit on final.
• All published circling restrictions and requirements for the approach being flown are complied with.
• Both Approach Control and Aerodrome Control shall be on watch.
• At Wellington, during day, for piston and turboprop aircraft the weather criteria is;

▪︎ceiling 1500 ft and visibility 8 km;

• At Wellington, this procedure shall not be issued to jet aircraft at night.

Front 10

Describe when Wake Turbulence separation is not required between arriving aircraft?

Back 10

Separation is not required in the case of:

• An arriving VFR flight landing on the same or parallel runway as a preceding landing MEDIUM / HEAVY / A388 aircraft; or
• IFR flight on a visual approach where the pilot has reported sighting the preceding aircraft and has been instructed to follow or maintain visual separation from that aircraft. Irrespective of whether wake turbulence separation is a requirement, pilots shall be advised of possible wake turbulence whenever a controller believes such potential exists. Such advice shall be passed using the phraseology: "CAUTION - WAKE TURBULENCE (aircraft type and wake turbulence category as appropriate)".

Front 11

Describe when Wake Turbulence separation is provided to arriving flights by aerodrome control?

Back 11

Front 12

Describe when wake turbulence separation is provided to Departing Flights?

Back 12

Front 13

Describe when wake turbulence separation is provided to aircraft operating on an opposite direction runway?

Back 13

Front 14

Describe how minimum spacing shall be achieved to apply wake turbulence separation is when using crossing runway operations?

Back 14