Mats Oral Board Rac 3 Part 4

Front 1

1. Where should an aircraft normally be instructed to hold?
2. Where may an aircraft be instructed to hold following a pilot request?

Back 1

1. Holding instructions shall normally require the aircraft to hold in published holding patterns at or above the minimum holding level.
2. When a pilot requests alternative holding, or the traffic situation requires it, an aircraft may be instructed to hold:

▪︎at a published significant point; or

▪︎at a distance, or between two distances, on a VOR radial; or ▪︎relative to or between prominent landmarks or visual reporting points, provided it is at pilot’s request and by day.

Front 2

When an aircraft is instructed to hold in a published holding pattern what shall the clearance include?

Back 2

Where an aircraft is to hold in a published holding pattern, the clearance shall include:

• instructions to join the holding pattern;
• identification of the holding pattern;
• level instructions (at or above the minimum holding level);
• maximum holding speed if required (e.g. for lateral separation or terrain).

Front 3

When requiring an aircraft to hold at other than a published holding pattern how is the holding level selected?

Back 3

When instructing an aircraft to hold at other than a published holding pattern, consideration should be given to airspace containment. The level selected shall be:

• at or above 13 000 ft (FL160 in the Mount Cook Raised Transition Area); or
• for aircraft under surveillance control, at or above the minimum terrain contour levels displayed on the Situation Display. Allowance must be made for the navigation tolerance within the holding pattern. This is not permitted using Tower Situation Displays; or
• for aircraft holding relative to or between prominent landmarks or visual reporting points, by visual reference to terrain, provided it is at pilot’s request and by day. Note: Use of approved area MSA for terrain clearance is not permitted.

Front 4

What is a controller required to pass to an aircraft that is to be held enroute at other than the initial approach fix?

Back 4

In the event an aircraft is held enroute or at a location or aid other than the initial approach fix, the aircraft concerned shall, as soon as possible, be given an expected onwards clearance time (the time at which the aircraft can expect to leave the hold) from the holding point. The aircraft shall also be advised if further holding at subsequent holding points is expected.

Front 5

What is the purpose of passing an Expected Approach Time?

Back 5

• Expected approach times enable the pilot to determine whether to divert or hold,
• assist the pilot to position the aircraft to take advantage of an approach clearance,
• form the basis on which action will be taken following communications failure.

Front 6

When issuing a Standard Instrument Arrival Procedure to an aircraft, what items shall the clearance contain?

Back 6

When a STAR is issued, the clearance shall contain the following items:

• Aircraft callsign;
• Authorisation "CLEARED";
• Designator of the assigned STAR;
• When considered necessary, the designator of the applicable transition procedure followed by the word "TRANSITION";
• Runway-in-use;
• Level instructions (if required);
• Any other necessary instructions or information not contained in the STAR description, e.g. change of communications.

Front 7

What level requirements are applicable when issuing an instrument approach clearance to an arriving IFR aircraft?

Back 7

A clearance for an IFR aircraft to carry out an instrument approach:

• shall not be issued until descent to an acceptable approach commencement level has been issued; and
• except where otherwise instructed, authorises the aircraft to descend to the minimum procedure commencement altitude in accordance with:

▪︎STAR; ▪︎RNAV arrival; ▪︎Route MSAs including distance steps; ▪︎25 NM MSA sector altitude chart; ▪︎TAA; ▪︎VORSEC chart; and

• may include level restrictions applicable prior to approach commencement; and • may include level restrictions associated with circuit integration
• may include level restrictions applicable prior to approach commencement; and • may include level restrictions associated with circuit integration

Front 8

An IFR aircraft may be cleared to intercept a DME Arc or, the outbound track of an instrument approach with a level restriction (above conflicting traffic).

1. Detail the provisos required
2. Provide examples of the phraseology to be used

Back 8

An IFR aircraft that cannot be cleared for an instrument approach because of conflicting traffic below it may be cleared to intercept the associated DME arc or the initial or intermediate track of the approach and issued with a level restriction above the conflicting traffic provided that:

• a reasonable assurance exists that the descent restriction can be cancelled and an approach clearance issued in sufficient time to allow the aircraft to fly an approach profile appropriate to the aircraft type; and
• the approach clearance is issued before the aircraft intercepts the final approach track; and
• the reason for the descent restriction is passed to the pilot. For example: "JOIN 10 DME ARC FOR VOR/DME APPROACH RWY 16, MAINTAIN .... FEET, TRAFFIC ... ..." "TRACK OUTBOUND ON 102 DEGREES FOR TWIN NDB APPROACH RWY 25, MAINTAIN .... FEET, TRAFFIC ... ..."

Front 9

List in order, all the elements of an approach clearance?

Back 9

An IFR flight shall be issued with an instrument or visual approach clearance as appropriate. An approach clearance shall contain the following elements as required in the order listed:

• Aircraft callsign
• Authorisation to make the approach
• Type of approach
• Landing runway
• Circuit integration instructions, if required

Front 10

When an aircraft on an instrument approach is required to be integrated into the aerodrome circuit what are the provisos and allowance needed for issuing a descent restriction? What is the approved phraseology?

Back 10

When there is a requirement to ensure separation from aircraft operating in the aerodrome traffic circuit, the approach controller may issue an aircraft with a descent restriction on the final of an instrument approach, provided that:

• the reported or known cloud base is at least 1000 ft above the altitude specified in the descent restriction; and
• visibility is equal to or greater than 8 km; and
• the reason for the descent restriction is passed to the pilot. "WHEN VISUAL, MAINTAIN (level). TRAFFIC IN THE CIRCUIT. [REPORT SIGHTING (traffic to follow, etc)]"

Front 11

Describe the process for issuing information and/or instructions to aircraft on circling approaches to achieve circuit integration?

Back 11

Aerodrome Control may, when MET conditions are equal to or better than circling minima for the aircraft category, issue instructions and/or information to an aircraft on a circling approach to integrate that aircraft with the traffic circuit. When instructions are issued before the aircraft has reached visual reference, the phrase “WHEN VISUAL” shall prefix the instructions. When the pilot remains on the circling procedure, any instructions issued by ATC shall ensure that the circling manoeuvre of the IFR aircraft is not affected by other aircraft in the traffic circuit. Such instructions shall not take the circling aircraft beyond the bounds of the Visual Manoeuvring (Circling Approach) Area, including flight in any “no circling” areas. However, the pilot may request to be re-cleared for a “Visual Approach”.

Front 12

When may an IFR flight be cleared for a Visual Approach?

Back 12

An IFR flight may be cleared for a visual approach by day or night, or a visual arrival procedure by day only, provided that:

• the pilot requests a visual approach; and
• there is reasonable assurance that the existing MET conditions will allow a visual approach to be carried out; and
• traffic permits a visual approach, separation can be maintained and appropriate coordination has been carried out.

Front 13

What is a Visual Arrival Procedure?

Back 13

Visual arrival procedures, where promulgated in the AIPNZ, are visual approaches in graphic format whereby the tracking, altitude and distance requirements for the approach are specified in the procedure.

Front 14

Describe the agencies or procedures that may impose a level restriction on a clearance for a visual approach?

Back 14

When level and/or route instructions are required in a visual approach clearance, or additional or subsequent altitude instructions are required in a visual arrival procedure, these may be:

• imposed by approach control; or
• specified by aerodrome control, following coordination with approach control; or
• specified in LOA/LUO.

Front 15

Give an example of the phraseology to be used when clearing an aircraft for a visual approach to follow preceding traffic?

Back 15

"CLEARED VISUAL APPROACH, JOIN SIX MILE FINAL, FOLLOW THE (traffic to be followed)";

Front 16

When will the published missed approach procedure be carried out by the pilot?

Back 16

A pilot is required to carry out the published missed approach procedure if, at the specified missed approach point of a straight-in or circling approach, visual reference has not been established with any portion of the runway or any of the visual landing aids, with the required elements of aerodrome meteorological minima.

Front 17

Describe the manoeuvres you would expect from an aircraft after being instructed to "GO AROUND" by an aerodrome controller?

Back 17

Unless instructions are issued to the contrary, an aircraft on an instrument approach and instructed to "GO AROUND" should carry out the published missed approach procedure, whilst an aircraft operating VFR or an IFR aircraft on a visual approach should continue in the circuit. The latter should be confirmed by a positive circuit clearance/instruction.

Front 18

Instead of a published missed approach; training aircraft may be instructed to carry out an alternative procedure. Detail the procedure options, and the conditions that must be met?

Back 18

As an alternative to the published missed approach, training flights may be instructed to carry out one of the following procedures:

• a published instrument departure provided that the clearance specifies that the departure commences after the aircraft has positioned visually over the associated runway; or
• climb on a specified track or heading within an evaluated climb sector provided that the clearance specifies that the departure procedure commences after the aircraft has positioned visually over the associated runway; or
• a visual departure onto a specified track or heading; or
• to enter the circuit visually. This may be followed by: ▪︎either of the three procedures above; or ▪︎the aircraft being cleared to join the published missed approach provided the clearance specifies that the aircraft is to position at or prior to the missed approach point and at or above the MDA or DA for the procedure. The procedures above are subject to the following conditions:
• day only; and
• the controller assesses that MET conditions will be equal to or better than circling minima (for the aircraft approach category) at the time the alternative procedure will be flown.

Front 19

After a missed approach is initiated when may an Approach Controller terminate the missed approach and issue alternative routing instructions?

Back 19

After the missed approach is initiated, the missed approach may only be terminated and instructions for alternative routing issued when the aircraft is contained within controlled airspace and:

• is under radar control, and is at or above the minimum radar terrain map; or
• is at or above the VORSEC chart or Area Minimum Altitudes (AMA) shown on ENRC or ARC; or
• is positioning for another approach and is at or above the 25 NM Minimum Sector Altitude (25 NM MSA).