Isa Glossary A&b

Front 1

3 strand rope

Back 1

Rope construction in which three strands are twisted together in a spiral pattern

Front 2

7 strand, common grade cable

Back 2

Steel Cable construction in which seven strands are twisted together in a spiral pattern. used to add supplemental structural support to trees. terminated by wrapping onto itself

Front 3

12 strand rope

Back 3

For arborist ropes, a braided rope consisting of 12 strands. most are coreless. there are two types of 12 strand construction: a tight braid that is not easily spliceable, used for climbing and rigging lines; and a loose easily spliceable braid ,commonly used for slings

Front 4

16 strand rope

Back 4

For arborist ropes, upgraded rope that has a 16 strand, load bearing cover and a filler cord that is not significant in load carrying

Front 5

24 strand rope

Back 5

For arborist ropes, a braided rope that has a 24 strand cover and is available in double braid or kermantel construction

Front 6

Abiotic disorder

Back 6

Plant malady(disease or ailment) caused by non-living, environmental, or man-made agents

Front 7

Abscission zone

Back 7

Area at the base of the petiole where cellular breakdown leads to leaf and fruit drop

Front 8

Absorbing roots

Back 8

Fine, fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most of these roots are within the top 12 inches (30 cm) of soil

Front 9

Access line

Back 9

(1) second climbing line hung in a tree in case it is needed to reach a victim in an emergency. (2) climbing line installed in a tree to gain access to, but not used to work in, the tree

Front 10

Access route

Back 10

Defined entrance and exit route for a property during construction, tree work, or landscape operations

Front 11

Acclimation

Back 11

Physiological adaptation process of plant and other living organisms to a climate or environment different from their native environment or where originally grown

Front 12

Actinomycetes

Back 12

Group of soil bacteria resembling fungi. That play a role in the decomposition of organic matter and the release of mineral

Front 13

Action threshold

Back 13

Pest population of plant damage level that requires action to prevent irreversible or unacceptable physiological and/or aesthetic harm

Front 14

Acute

Back 14

Disorder or disease that occurs suddenly over a short period of time.

Hint 14

Contrast with chronic

Front 15

Adaptability

Back 15

Genetic ability of plants and other living organisms to adjust or acclimate to different environments

Front 16

Adventitious bud

Back 16

Bud arising from a place other than the leaf axle or shoot tip, usually as a result of hormonal triggers

Front 17

Aerial rescue

Back 17

Method of bringing a injured worker down from a tree or aerial lift device

Front 18

Aerial roots

Back 18

Above ground roots. Usually advantageous in nature and sometimes having unique adaptive functions

Front 19

Aerobic

Back 19

With oxygen. Process that occurs in the presence of oxygen

Front 20

Aggregate

Back 20

(1)close cluster or mix of small particles of soil and/or organic matter varying sizes that are bonded together; sand, gravel, or small rocks in soil;and/or sand, gravel, or small rocks used under paved services. (2) clusters of flowers or fruits that appear as a single unit (3) individual tree crowns that form a canopy

Front 21

Air excavation device, air excavator

Back 21

device that directs a jet of highly compressed air to excavate soil. Used within the root zone of trees to avoid or minimize damage to the roots, or near underground structures such as pipes and wires to avoid or minimize damage to them

Front 22

Air terminal

Back 22

Uppermost point of a tree lighting protection system

Front 23

Aircraft cable

Back 23

steel wire rope of various constructions designated by the number of strands and the rope and the number of wires in each strand; commonly used in cabling and Australia and New Zealand

Front 24

Allelochemical

Back 24

substance produced naturally by plants as part of a defense against pests and other plants. May adversely affect the growth and development of other plants

Front 25

Allelopathy

Back 25

Chemical effect or inhibition of growth or development of plants that is induced by allelochemicals

Front 26

Alternate(Contrast with opposite and whorled)

Back 26

pertaining to Bud or leaf arrangement, one leaf or bud at each node, situated at alternating positions along the stem. In this arrangement, the leaves are not directly across from each other.

Front 27

Amon-eye nut

Back 27

Specialized nut used in cabling trees that has a large eye for attaching a cable to a threaded rod

Front 28

Anaerobic

Back 28

Without oxygen. Process that occurs in the absence of oxygen

Front 29

Anchor hardware

Back 29

Hardware to which the cable termination is affixed in a cabling or guying installation

Front 30

Angiosperm (contrast with gymnosperm)

Back 30

Plant with seeds born in an ovary. Consists of two large groups monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dycotyledons (most Woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, and related plants).

Front 31

Anion(Contrast with cation)

Back 31

Ion that carries a negative charge.

Front 32

Ansi a300

Back 32

In the united states, industry developed, national consensus standards of practice for tree care

Front 33

Ansi z133.1

Back 33

In the united states, industry developed, national consensus safety standards of practice for tree care

Front 34

Anthocyanin(Compare to carotenoid)

Back 34

Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of trees and other plants.

Front 35

Antigibberellin

Back 35

Plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberlin, which, among other things, regulates cellulation

Front 36

Antitranspirant

Back 36

Substance applied to the foliage of plants to reduce water loss (transpiration)

Front 37

Apical bud(terminal bud)

Back 37

Bud at the tip of a twig or shoot.

Front 38

Apical control

Back 38

Inhibition of lateral buds, decreasing from the top down, by apical buds over many seasons, resulting in trees with an excurrent growth form

Front 39

Apical dominance

Back 39

condition in which the terminal Bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season

Front 40

Apical meristem

Back 40

Growing point at the tips of the shoots and roots

Front 41

Apoplasm(Contrast with symplasm)

Back 41

Free spaces and plant tissue. Includes cell walls and intracellular spaces.

Front 42

Appropriate response process (arp)

Back 42

Method of systematically assessing plant health and client needs to determine which course of action, if any, is recommended

Front 43

Approved

Back 43

In the context of guidelines, standards, and specifications, that which susceptible to federal, state, provincial, or local enforcement authorities or is an accepted industry practice

Front 44

Arboriculture

Back 44

Practice and study of the care of trees and other Woody plants in the landscape

Front 45

Arborist block

Back 45

heavy duty pulley with an integrated connection point (bushing for attaching a rope sling), a rotating sheave for the rope, and extended cheek plates. Used in tree rigging operations

Front 46

Ascender

Back 46

Piece of gear that enables a climber to ascend the rope. Attached to the rope, it will grip in one direction (down) and slide in the other (up).

Front 47

Augmentation

Back 47

In plant healthcare, the release of beneficial organisms to suppress pest insect or might populations

Front 48

Auxin(-like compounds may be synthetically produced)

Back 48

Plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in the shoot tips.

Front 49

Available water (Compared to field capacity, gravitational water, and permanent wilting point)

Back 49

water remaining in the soil after gravitational water has drained and before the permanent wilting point has been reached.

Front 50

Axial transport

Back 50

Movement of water, minerals, or photosynthates longitudinally within a tree

Front 51

Axillary bud

Back 51

Bud in the axle of a leaf.lateral bud

Front 52

Back cut

Back 52

Cut made on a tree trunk or Branch opposite from and toward the notch, face cut, or undercut, to complete felling or branch removal

Front 53

Bactericide

Back 53

Pesticide that is used to kill or inhibit bacteria in plants or soil

Front 54

Balance

Back 54

In rigging, a technique for lowering a limb without allowing either end to drop

Front 55

Balled and burlapped (b&b) (contrast with bare root, container grown, and containerized)

Back 55

Tree or other plant dug and removed from the ground for replanting, with the roots and soil wrapped in burlap or burlap like fabric.

Front 56

Barber chair

Back 56

Dangerous condition created when a tree or Branch splits upward vertically from the back cut, slab up

Front 57

Bare root (Contrast with balled and burlapped, container grown, and containerized)

Back 57

tree or other plants removed from the ground for replanting without soil around the roots.

Front 58

Bark tracing

Back 58

Cutting away torn or injured bark to leave a smooth edge

Front 59

Barrier

Back 59

See tree protection zone

Front 60

Basal Rot

Back 60

Decay of the lower trunk, trunk flare, or buttress roots. Also called butt rot

Front 61

Bend (contrast with hitch)

Back 61

Type of knot used to join two ropes ends together.

Front 62

Bend radius

Back 62

Radius of an object around which a line passes

Front 63

Bend ratio

Back 63

Ratio of diameter of a branch, sheave, or other object to the diameter of the rope that is wrapped around it

Front 64

Best management practices (BMPs)

Back 64

best available, industry - recognized courses of action, and consideration of the benefits and limitations, based on scientific research and current knowledge

Front 65

Bight

Back 65

Curve or Arc in a rope between the working end and the standing part

Front 66

Biological control

Back 66

Method of managing plants pests or weeds through the use of natural predators, parasites, or pathogens

Front 67

Biorational control product

Back 67

(1) control product or pesticide formulated from naturally occurring plant extracts, microbes, or microbial byproducts that possess very low risk to non-target organisms. (2)control product or pesticide that has limited environmental persistence and possesses very low risk to non-target organisms

Front 68

Bipinnate(Contrast with palmate and pinnate)

Back 68

(of a pinnate leaf) having leaflets that are further subdivided in a pinnate arrangement. Double pinnate

Front 69

Biotic disorder

Back 69

Disorder caused by an infectious living agent

Front 70

Blake's hitch

Back 70

Friction knot climbers use, sometimes in place of the tautline hitch or prusik knot

Front 71

Blight

Back 71

Any disease or disorder, regardless of the causal agent, that kills young plant tissues

Front 72

Block

Back 72

(1) heavy duty pulley used in rigging. Designed for dynamic loading (2) casing enclosing one or more parallel pulleys

Front 73

Body thrust

Back 73

Method of ascending a tree using a climbing rope

Front 74

Bollard

Back 74

Post on which wraps can be taken with a rope to tie it off or to provide friction for control

Front 75

Botanical pesticide

Back 75

Pesticides derived from plants

Front 76

Box cable system(Contrast with direct cable system and triangular cable system)

Back 76

tree cabling system that forms closed polygons. Used to join together more than three stems.

Front 77

Bracket

Back 77

Term for the fruiting body of a decay fungus .see conk

Front 78

Branch bark ridge

Back 78

Raised strip of bark at the top of a Branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining Branch push the bark into a _____

Front 79

Branch collar

Back 79

area where a branch joins another Branch or trunk that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk. Typically enlarged at the base of the branch

Front 80

Branch protection zone

Back 80

chemically and physically modified tissue within the trunk or parent Branch at the base of a smaller, subordinate branch that retards the spread of discoloration and decay from the subordinate stem into the trunk or parent branch

Front 81

Brown Rot (Contrast with soft rot and White Rot)

Back 81

Fungal wood rot characterized by the breakdown of cellulose.

Front 82

Bud

Back 82

(1) small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that may develop into a flower or shoot (2) undeveloped flower or shoot containing a meristematic growing point

Front 83

Buffering capacity

Back 83

Ability of a soil to maintain (i.e., resist change in) its pH

Front 84

Bulk density

Back 84

Mass of soil per unit volume. Often used as a measure of compaction

Front 85

Butt-hitching

Back 85

Method of lowering pieces when the rigging point is below the work, traditionally without the use of a block

Front 86

Butt-tying

Back 86

Tying off a limb at the butt (larger) end for rigging

Front 87

Buttress roots

Back 87

Roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize mechanical stress