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Front 1

First responder to infection

Back 1

Neutrophil

Front 2

how many hours does it take for neutrophil to migrate to the site of infection

Back 2

3-6 hours

Front 3

principal leukocyte associated with phagocytosis

Back 3

neutrophil

Front 4

percentage of marginating pool of neutrophil

Back 4

50%

Front 5

percentage of circulating pool of neutrophil

Back 5

50%

Front 6

these cells are considered as slow responders (slow motility)

Back 6

1. Monocytes

2. Macrophages

Front 7

time it takes for monocyte and macrophage to migrate to the site of infection

Back 7

16 to 48 hours

Front 8

constitute the mononuclear phagocyte system

Back 8

1. Monocyte

2. Macrophage

Front 9

less efficient phagocyte

Back 9

eosinophil

Front 10

eosinophil granules contain

Back 10

1. Major Basic Protein

2. Eosinophil Cationic Protein

Front 11

cell that neutralizes products of mast cells (hypersensitivity)

Back 11

eosinophils

Front 12

has a role in killing parasites/helminths

Back 12

eosinophils

Front 13

liver macrophage

Back 13

Kupffer cells

Front 14

lungs macrophage

Back 14

alveolar macrophages/dust cells

Front 15

brain/nervous tissue macrophage

Back 15

microglial cells

Front 16

connective tissue macrophage

Back 16

histiocytes

Front 17

skin/mucosa macrophage

Back 17

Langerhans cells

Front 18

spleen macrophage

Back 18

splenic macrophage

Front 19

lymph node macrophage

Back 19

littoral cells

Front 20

placental macrophage

Back 20

Hoffbauer cells

Front 21

Bone macrophage

Back 21

osteoclasts

Front 22

kidney macrophage

Back 22

mesangial cells

Front 23

found on human leukocytes and recognizes different microbial products

Back 23

Toll Like Receptor (TLR)

Front 24

TLR 1

Back 24

Lipopeptides (Mycobacteria)

Front 25

TLR 2

Back 25

Peptidoglycan (Gram + bacteria)

Front 26

TLR 4

Back 26

LPS (gram - bacteria)

Front 27

TLR 5

Back 27

flagellin

Front 28

TLR 6

Back 28

Lipopeptides (Mycobacteria)

Front 29

TLR 1, 2, 4, 5, 6

Back 29

*recognize bacterial structures

*found on the surface of WBCs

Front 30

TLR 3

Back 30

dsRNA (RNA viruses)

Front 31

TLR 7

Back 31

ssRNA (RNA viruses)

Front 32

TLR 8

Back 32

ssRNA (RNA viruses)

Front 33

TLR 9

Back 33

dsDNA (DNA viruses)

Front 34

TLR 10

Back 34

unknown

Front 35

TLR 3 7 8 9 10

Back 35

*recognize nucleic acids of viruses

*found inside the cytoplasm (endosome)

Front 36

substances that coat foreign cells and pathogens to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis

*facilitate engulfment stage

Back 36

Opsonins

Front 37

examples of opsonins

Back 37

1. CRP

2. C3b

3. Antibodies

Front 38

normal serum constituents that increase by at least 25% due to infection, injury, trauma to tissues

Back 38

acute phase reactants

Front 39

acute phase reactants are produced by_______within______

Back 39

hepatocytes; 12-24 hours

Front 40

examples of acute phase reactants

Back 40

1. CRP - opsonization, complement activation, IL-6 stimulant

2. Serum Amyloid A - activate macrophage and monocyte; “APO-LIPOPROTEINS”

3. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin - protease inhibitor; deficiency will result to emphysema and juvenile cirrhosis

4. Fibrinogen - clot formation

5. Ceruloplasmin - binds copper; oxidizes iron; cause Wilson Disease

6. Haptoglobin - binds irreversibly to free hemoglobin; “Antioxidant”

7. C3 - opsonization, lysis

Front 41

risk marker for cardiovascular disease

Back 41

CRP

Front 42

when theres cardiovascular disease, CRP is increased by _______ & rises within _______

Back 42

1000x, 6-10 hours

Front 43

CRP < 1 mg/L

Back 43

low risk

Front 44

CRP 1-3 mg/L

Back 44

average risk

Front 45

CRP >3 mg/L

Back 45

high risk

Front 46

most potent opsonin and widely used APR

Back 46

CRP

Front 47

Serum Amyloid A also increased by_______

Back 47

1000x

Front 48

an acquired immunity wherein the host synthesizes own antibodies

Back 48

active immunity

Front 49

a type of acquired immunity wherein hist receives antibodies derived from other sources

Back 49

passive immunity

Front 50

natural active

Back 50

infection

Front 51

artificial active

Back 51

vaccination

Front 52

natural passive

Back 52

placental transfer of IgG

Front 53

artificial passive

Back 53

infusion of plasma/serum

Front 54

antibody produced by host

Back 54

active acquired immunity (natural & artificial)

Front 55

duration of response in active immunity

Back 55

long

Front 56

duration of response in passive immunity

Back 56

short

Front 57

Percentage of T cells in lymphocytes

Back 57

60-70%

Front 58

percentage of B cells in lymhocytes

Back 58

10-20%

Front 59

percentage of NK cells in lymphocytes

Back 59

10-15%

Front 60

immunity of T cells

Back 60

cell-mediated

Front 61

immunity of B cells

Back 61

humoral mediated

Front 62

immunity of NK cells

Back 62

antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Front 63

products of T cells

Back 63

Cytotoxins:

*Perforins

*Granzymes

*Cytokines

Front 64

products of B cells

Back 64

Antibodies

Front 65

products of NK cells

Back 65

cytotoxins

*perforins

*granzymes

Front 66

T cells fight against

Back 66

viral

fungal

tumors

graft rejections

Front 67

B cells fight against

Back 67

bacterial infections

Front 68

NK cells fight against

Back 68

virus-infected cells

tumor cells/cancer cells

Front 69

distinguish cell types from one another

Back 69

surface markers

Front 70

Surface markers of T cells

Back 70

CD 2, 3 , 4 , 5, 6 , 7, 8

Front 71

e-rosette receptor

Back 71

CD 2

Front 72

part of T cell antigen receptor

Back 72

CD 3

Front 73

Helper T cell/ T reg cell

Back 73

CD 4

Front 74

early stages of T cells

Back 74

CD 5-7

Front 75

cytotoxic T cell

Back 75

CD 8

Front 76

major types of T cells

Back 76

CD 4 and CD 8

Front 77

B cells surface markers

Back 77

CD 19, 20, 21, 22, 10

Front 78

part of B cell corereceptor

Back 78

CD 19

Front 79

binding activates signaling pathways

Back 79

CD 20

Front 80

receptor for C3D and EBV

Back 80

CD 21

Front 81

found mostly on mature B cells

Back 81

CD 22

Front 82

early stages of B cells/ CALLA

Back 82

CD 10

Front 83

CALLA stands for

Back 83

Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen

Front 84

NK cells surface markers

Back 84

CD 16, 56

Front 85

receptor for IgG

Back 85

CD 16

Front 86

no known function

Back 86

CD 56

Front 87

NK cells is also known as

Back 87

Null Cells

Front 88

a large granular lymphocyte with a size of 15 um

Back 88

NK cells

Front 89

considered as third population lymphocyte

Back 89

NK cells

Front 90

size of lymphocyte

Back 90

8-10 um

Front 91

size of RBC

Back 91

6-8 um

Front 92

considered as small bioactive proteins that induce or enhance mitosis

Back 92

Mitogens

Front 93

mitogens used by T cells

Back 93

1. Phytohemagglutinin

2. Concanavalin A

Front 94

Mitogens used by B cells

Back 94

1. Pokeweed

2. Staphylococcal Protein A

Front 95

primary/central lymphoid organ

Back 95

1. Bone marrow

2. Thymus

Front 96

purpose of primary/central lymphoid organs

Back 96

1. growth of lymphocytes

2. differentiation of lymphocytes

Front 97

where do B cells and T cells developed

Back 97

bone marrow

Front 98

B cells mature in the_____.

Back 98

Bone marrow

Front 99

T cells mature in the_____.

Back 99

Thymus

Front 100

immature T cells reside in the____ of thymus

Back 100

cortex

Front 101

mature T cells reside in the____ of thymus

Back 101

medulla

Front 102

a bilobed organ located in the mediastinum or chest cavity

Back 102

thymus

Front 103

site for B cell development and hematopoiesis

Back 103

bone marrow

Front 104

organs involved in secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 104

1. spleen

2. lymph node

Front 105

organs involved in secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 105

1. spleen

2. lymph node

Front 106

function of secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 106

activation of lymphocytes

Front 107

organs involved in secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 107

1. spleen

2. lymph node

Front 108

function of secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 108

activation of lymphocytes

Front 109

largest secondary lymphoid organ

Back 109

spleen

Front 110

organs involved in secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 110

1. spleen

2. lymph node

Front 111

function of secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 111

activation of lymphocytes

Front 112

largest secondary lymphoid organ

Back 112

spleen

Front 113

red pulp

Back 113

contains macrophages that destroys old RBCs

Front 114

organs involved in secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 114

1. spleen

2. lymph node

Front 115

function of secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 115

activation of lymphocytes

Front 116

largest secondary lymphoid organ

Back 116

spleen

Front 117

red pulp

Back 117

contains macrophages that destroys old RBCs

Front 118

has lymphocytes & macrophages

Back 118

white pulp

Front 119

organs involved in secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 119

1. spleen

2. lymph node

Front 120

function of secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 120

activation of lymphocytes

Front 121

largest secondary lymphoid organ

Back 121

spleen

Front 122

red pulp

Back 122

contains macrophages that destroys old RBCs

Front 123

has lymphocytes & macrophages

Back 123

white pulp

Front 124

RQ:

location of t cells in spleen

Back 124

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath

Front 125

location of B cells in white pulp

Back 125

primary follicles

Front 126

other organs included in secondary/peripheral lymphoid organ

Back 126

1. tonsils

2. appendix

3. peyer’s patches of intestine

4. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

5. Cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT)

Front 127

rapid and convenient technique for generating immunophenotypic data of cells

Back 127

Flow Cytometry

Front 128

flow cytometry is used for the evaluation and prognosis of…

Back 128

1. leukemia

2. lymphoma

3. immunodeficiency

Front 129

Flow cytometry is based on

Back 129

LIGHT SCATTERING

Hint 129

suspension of particles of a flowing stream of fluid

Front 130

a component of flow cyto wherein cells are suspended in a stream of isotonic saline (sheath fluid)

Back 130

fluidics

Front 131

laser light source

Back 131

solid state diode lasers

Front 132

location of dendritic cells in white pulp

Back 132

marginal zone

Front 133

identifies surface and cytoplasmic antigen expression

Back 133

Fluorescein labeled antibodies

Front 134

optics/photodetector for FSC

Back 134

photodiodes

Front 135

optics/photodetector for fluorescence

Back 135

photomultiplier tubes

Front 136

specimen used for flow cytometry

Back 136

1. Whole blood

2. Bone marrow

3. body fluid aspirates

4. tissue sample

Front 137

Anticoagulant used in Flow cyto

Back 137

1. EDTA

2. Heparin

3. Acid citrate dextrose

Front 138

flow cyto requires removal of _____ prior to testing

Back 138

RBCs

Front 139

uses Ficoll-Hypaque solution

Back 139

density gradient centrifugation

Hint 139

with sodium diatrizoate & polysacchride

Front 140

uses ammonium chloride

Back 140

erythrocyte lysing agent

Front 141

acts as a lymphatic filter within the blood vascular tree

Back 141

spleen

Front 142

major site of antibody production in response to IV particular antigens

Back 142

spleen

Front 143

outer cortex of lymph nodes

Back 143

1. B cells

2. dendritic cells

3. macrophages

Front 144

plasma cells and memory cells are found in what part of lymph node

Back 144

germinal lcenter

Front 145

T cells are found in what part of a lymph node

Back 145

paracortex

Front 146

less densely populated

Back 146

medulla

Front 147

main function is filtration of lymphatic fluid

Back 147

lymph nodes

Front 148

spaces where lymphatic fluid flow slowly

Back 148

sinuses

Hint 148

lined with macrophages