Is-Page 12

Front 1

examples of enzyme labels

Back 1

1. HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase)

2. ALP

3. G6PD

4. Glucose oxidase

5. Beta-galactosidase

Front 2

True or False: EIA is preferred by hospitals because enzymes are more stable and less hazardous

Back 2

True

Front 3

how is enzyme activity measured:

Back 3

1. adding chromogenic substance

2. color formation measured by spectrophotometer

Front 4

uses enzyme labels for immunoassays

Back 4

EIA (enzyme immunoassay)

Front 5

examples of Heterogeneous EIA

Back 5

1. Competitive EIA

2. Non-competitive/Indirect ELISA

3. Sandwich/Capture EIA

Hint 5

more sensitive

Front 6

example of homogeneous EIA

Back 6

enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT)

Front 7

requires washing step

Back 7

heteregeneous EIA

Front 8

requires secondary reaction

Back 8

heterogeneous EIA

Front 9

Heterogeneous EIA ______ to Ag concentration

Back 9

inversely proportional

Front 10

detects antibodies to HIV, HBV, HCV

Back 10

indirect ELISA

Front 11

detects tumor markers, plasma proteins, infectious agents

Back 11

Sandwich EIA

Front 12

measurement of therapeutic drugs

Back 12

EMIT

Front 13

demonstrated fluorescent immunoassay in 1941

Back 13

Albert Coons

Front 14

refers to an assay wherein antibodies could be labeled with molecules that fluoresce

Back 14

Fluorescent Immunoassay

Front 15

labels used in fluorescent immunoassay

Back 15

fluorophores or fluorochromes

Front 16

FITC

Back 16

fluorescein isothiocyanate

Front 17

color emitted by FITC and at what wavelength

Back 17

green; 520 nm

Front 18

TRITC

Back 18

tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate

Front 19

colored emitted by TRITC and at what wavelength

Back 19

red; 585 nm

Front 20

what is detected in direct IF

Back 20

unknown antigen

Hint 20

bacterial antigen

Front 21

reagent used in direct IF

Back 21

Known Ab + FITC

Front 22

positive result of direct IF

Back 22

fluorescence

Front 23

RQ: a two step procedure

Back 23

Indirect IF

Front 24

what is detected in Indirect IF

Back 24

unknown antibodies

Hint 24

serum antibodies

Front 25

reagent used in indirect IF

Back 25

1. Known antigen

2. AHG + FITC

Front 26

positive result of Indirect IF

Back 26

fluorescence

Front 27

grades of fluorescence:

no fluorescence

Back 27

0

Front 28

4

Back 28

brilliant apple green

Front 29

faint/unequivocal

Back 29

1

Front 30

bright apple green

Back 30

3

Front 31

apple green fluorochrome

Back 31

2

Front 32

determine concentrations of therapeutic drugs and hormones

Back 32

Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)

Front 33

based on the change in polarization of fluorescent light emitted from a labeled molecule

Back 33

Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)

Front 34

what happens when no fluorescent labeled Ag will be bound?

Back 34

↑ patient Ag = ↓Polarization

Hint 34

rotates rapidly

Front 35

what happens when fluorescent labeled Ag will be bound?

Back 35

↓patient Ag = ↑polarization

Hint 35

rotates more slowly

Front 36

produced by certain compounds when they are oxidized and emit light as they return to their original ground state

Back 36

chemiluminescence

Front 37

most common substances used in CLIA

Back 37

1. luminol

2. acridinium esters

3. ruthenium derivatives

4. nitrophenyl oxalates

Front 38

CLIA detects a wide range of substances including:

Back 38

1. cardiac markers

2. hormones

3. vitamin D levels

4. total IgE

Front 39

refers to the binding of two specific complementary nucleic acid strands

Back 39

hybridization

Front 40

the basis for identification of individual genes or DNA sequences

Back 40

probe technology

Front 41

_____binds to a target area on a nucleic acid and gives off a _____ to identify the presence of a complementary _______ or ____ sequence

Back 41

probe; signals; DNA or RNA

Front 42

signals used

Back 42

fluoresence or radioactive

Front 43

analysis of DNA fragments

Back 43

Southern Blot

Front 44

invented southern blot

Back 44

Edwin Southern (1973)

Front 45

analysis of RNA fragments

Back 45

Northern Blot

Front 46

invented Northern Blot

Back 46

Alwine, Kemp, Stark (1977)

Front 47

analysis and separation of proteins

Back 47

Western Blot

Front 48

invented western blot

Back 48

Neal Burnette (1981)

with the contribution of Renart, Reiser, Stark

Front 49

utilizes nucleic acid probes to identify DNA

Back 49

Fluoresence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)

Front 50

FISH: target DNA is found in…

Back 50

intact cells

Front 51

specimen used in FISH

Back 51

1. thin sections of solid tissue

2. deposits of cells

Front 52

FISH: cell membranes )______ to allow entry of the probe

Back 52

permeabilized

Front 53

True or False: In FISH, probes are applied to the prepared slides of cells where they hybridize to their complementary sequences

Back 53

True

Front 54

capable of amplifying tiny quantities of nucleic acid

Back 54

polymerase chain reaction

Front 55

reaction involved in PCR

Back 55

hybridization rxn

Front 56

what is used in PCR to detect rxn

Back 56

nucleic acid probes

Front 57

steps in PCR

Back 57

“DAE”

1. denaturation

2. annealing

3. extension

Front 58

temp in denturation

Back 58

94 C

Front 59

temp in annealing

Back 59

55 c

Front 60

temp in extension

Back 60

72 C

Front 61

separation of dsDNA into single strands

Back 61

denaturation

Front 62

binding of primer to single stranded DNA

Back 62

annealing

Front 63

enzyme DNA polymerase synthesizes new complementary strands

Back 63

extension

Front 64

how many thermal cycles done in PCR

Back 64

20-50x

Front 65

measures the thermal cycles in PCR

Back 65

thermal cycler

Front 66

a reagent that selects the starting point of nucleic acid synthesis

Back 66

primer

Front 67

what kind of DNA polymerase is used in extension

Back 67

Taq polymerase

Front 68

Taq polymerase is produced by what bacteria

Back 68

Thermus aquaticus

Front 69

how many dsDNA produced in extension

Back 69

two dsDNA